Journal Article

Impact of a diet and activity health promotion intervention on regional patterns of DNA methylation

Hibler, Elizabeth, Huang, Lei, Andrade, Jorge, Spring, Bonnie

2019

Overview

Background Studies demonstrate the impact of diet and physical activity on epigenetic biomarkers, specifically DNA methylation. However, no intervention studies have examined the combined impact of dietary and activity changes on the blood epigenome. The objective of this study was to examine the impact of the Make Better Choices 2 (MBC2) healthy diet and activity intervention on patterns of epigenome-wide DNA methylation. The MBC2 study was a 9-month randomized controlled trial among adults aged 18–65 with non-optimal levels of health behaviors. The study compared three 12-week interventions to (1) simultaneously increase exercise and fruit/vegetable intake, while decreasing sedentary leisure screen time; (2) sequentially increase fruit/vegetable intake and decrease leisure screen time first, then increase exercise; (3) increase sleep and decrease stress (control). We collected blood samples at baseline, 3 and 9 months, and measured DNA methylation using the Illumina EPIC (850 k) BeadChip. We examined region-based differential methylation patterns using linear regression models with the false discovery rate of 0.05. We also conducted pathway analysis using gene ontology (GO), KEGG, and IPA canonical pathway databases. Results We found no differences between the MBC2 population ( n = 340) and the subsample with DNA methylation measured ( n = 68) on baseline characteristics or the impact of the intervention on behavior change. We identified no differentially methylated regions at baseline between the control versus intervention groups. At 3 versus 9 months, we identified 154 and 298 differentially methylated regions, respectively, between controls compared to pooled samples from sequential and simultaneous groups. In the GO database, we identified two gene ontology terms related to hemophilic cell adhesion and cell-cell adhesion. In IPA analysis, we found pathways related to carcinogenesis including PI3K/AKT, Wnt/β-catenin, sonic hedgehog, and p53 signaling. We observed an overlap between 3 and 9 months, including the GDP- l -fucose biosynthesis I, methylmalonyl metabolism, and estrogen-mediated cell cycle regulation pathways. Conclusions The results demonstrate that the MBC2 diet and physical activity intervention impacts patterns of DNA methylation in gene regions related to cell cycle regulation and carcinogenesis. Future studies will examine DNA methylation as a biomarker to identify populations that may particularly benefit from incorporating health behavior change into plans for precision prevention.

• Publisher: BioMed Central,BioMed Central Ltd,Springer Nature B.V
• Subject: 1-Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase / AKT protein / Bioinformatics / Biological markers / Biomarkers / Biomedical and Life Sciences / Biomedicine / Carcinogenesis / Cell adhesion / Cell adhesion & migration / Cell cycle / Comparative analysis / Data analysis / Deoxyribonucleic acid / Diet / Disease / DNA / DNA methylation / Epigenetic inheritance / Epigenetics / Estrogens / Exercise / Fruits / Fucose / Future predictions / GDP-fucose / Gene expression / Gene Function / Genes / Gross domestic product / Guanosine diphosphate / Health behavior / Health maintenance organizations / Human Genetics / Intervention / Lifestyle epigenetics / Lifestyles / Menopause / Methylation / p53 Protein / Phenols (Class of compounds) / Physical activity / Physical fitness / Physical training / Physiological aspects / Preventive medicine / Regression analysis / Sleep / Studies / Tumor proteins / Vegetables / Wnt protein / β-Catenin