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Inter-genome comparison of the Quorn fungus Fusarium venenatum and the closely related plant infecting pathogen Fusarium graminearum
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Inter-genome comparison of the Quorn fungus Fusarium venenatum and the closely related plant infecting pathogen Fusarium graminearum
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Inter-genome comparison of the Quorn fungus Fusarium venenatum and the closely related plant infecting pathogen Fusarium graminearum
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Journal Article
Inter-genome comparison of the Quorn fungus Fusarium venenatum and the closely related plant infecting pathogen Fusarium graminearum
2018
Overview
Background
The soil dwelling saprotrophic non-pathogenic fungus
Fusarium venenatum
, routinely used in the commercial fermentation industry, is phylogenetically closely related to the globally important cereal and non-cereal infecting pathogen
F. graminearum
. This study aimed to sequence, assemble and annotate the
F. venenatum
(strain A3/5) genome, and compare this genome with
F. graminearum
.
Results
Using shotgun sequencing, a 38,660,329 bp
F. venenatum
genome was assembled into four chromosomes, and a 78,618 bp mitochondrial genome. In comparison to
F. graminearum
, the predicted gene count of 13,946 was slightly lower. The
F. venenatum
centromeres were found to be 25% smaller compared to
F. graminearum
. Chromosome length was 2.8% greater in
F. venenatum,
primarily due to an increased abundance of repetitive elements and transposons, but not transposon diversity. On chromosome 3 a major sequence rearrangement was found, but its overall gene content was relatively unchanged. Unlike homothallic
F. graminearum
, heterothallic
F. venenatum
possessed the
MAT1–1
type locus, but lacked the
MAT1–2
locus. The
F. venenatum
genome has the type A trichothecene mycotoxin
TRI5
cluster, whereas
F. graminearum
has type B. From the
F. venenatum
gene set, 786 predicted proteins were species-specific versus NCBI. The annotated
F. venenatum
genome was predicted to possess more genes coding for hydrolytic enzymes and species
-
specific genes involved in the breakdown of polysaccharides than
F. graminearum
. Comparison of the two genomes reduced the previously defined
F. graminearum-
specific gene set from 741 to 692 genes. A comparison of the
F. graminearum
versus
F. venenatum
proteomes identified 15 putative secondary metabolite gene clusters (SMC), 109 secreted proteins and 38 candidate effectors not found in
F. venenatum
. Five of the 15
F. graminearum-specific
SMCs that were either absent or highly divergent in the
F. venenatum
genome showed increased in planta expression. In addition, two predicted
F. graminearum
transcription factors previously shown to be required for fungal virulence on wheat plants were absent or exhibited high sequence divergence.
Conclusions
This study identifies differences between the
F. venenatum
and
F. graminearum
genomes that may contribute to contrasting lifestyles, and highlights the repertoire of
F. graminearum
-specific candidate genes and SMCs potentially required for pathogenesis.
Publisher
BioMed Central,BioMed Central Ltd,BMC
