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The genome of medicinal leech (Whitmania pigra) and comparative genomic study for exploration of bioactive ingredients
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The genome of medicinal leech (Whitmania pigra) and comparative genomic study for exploration of bioactive ingredients
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Journal Article
The genome of medicinal leech (Whitmania pigra) and comparative genomic study for exploration of bioactive ingredients
2022
Overview
Background
Leeches are classic annelids that have a huge diversity and are closely related to people, especially medicinal leeches. Medicinal leeches have been widely utilized in medicine based on the pharmacological activities of their bioactive ingredients. Comparative genomic study of these leeches enables us to understand the difference among medicinal leeches and other leeches and facilitates the discovery of bioactive ingredients.
Results
In this study, we reported the genome of
Whitmania pigra
and compared it with
Hirudo medicinalis
and
Helobdella robusta
. The assembled genome size of
W. pigra
is 177 Mbp, close to the estimated genome size. Approximately about 23% of the genome was repetitive. A total of 26,743 protein-coding genes were subsequently predicted.
W. pigra
have 12346 (46%) and 10295 (38%) orthologous genes with
H. medicinalis
and
H. robusta
, respectively. About 20 and 24% genes in
W. pigra
showed syntenic arrangement with
H. medicinalis
and
H. robusta
, respectively
,
revealed by gene synteny analysis. Furthermore,
W. pigra, H. medicinalis
and
H. robusta
expanded different gene families enriched in different biological processes. By inspecting genome distribution and gene structure of hirudin, we identified a new hirudin gene g17108 (hirudin_2) with different cysteine patterns. Finally, we systematically explored and compared the active substances in the genomes of three leech species. The results showed that
W. pigra
and
H. medicinalis
exceed
H. robusta
in both kinds and gene number of active molecules.
Conclusions
This study reported the genome of
W. pigra
and compared it with other two leeches, which provides an important genome resource and new insight into the exploration and development of bioactive molecules of medicinal leeches.
Publisher
BioMed Central,BioMed Central Ltd,Springer Nature B.V,BMC
