Journal Article

Molecular characterization of canine circovirus based on the Capsid gene in Thailand

Nooroong, Pornpiroon, Anuracpreeda, Panat, Poolsawat, Napassorn, Dankaona, Wichan, Techangamsuwan, Somporn, Srionrod, Nitipon

2024

Overview

Background Canine circovirus (CanineCV) is a single-stranded circular DNA virus that infects domestic and wild canids in many countries. CanineCV is associated with gastroenteritis and diarrhea, respiratory disease, and generalized vasculitis leading to a fatal event. The Capsid protein (Cap) is a structural protein of the virus which has high genetic variability and plays a role in the canine immune response. In this study, we cloned the full-length CanineCV Capsid gene ( Cap ). In-silico analyses were used to explore the genomic and amino acid variability and natural selection acting on the Cap gene. The immune relevance for T-cell and B-cell epitopes was predicted by the immunoinformatic approach. Results According to the Cap gene, our results showed that CanineCV was separated into five phylogenetic groups. The obtained CanineCV strain from this study was grouped with the previously discovered Thai strain (MG737385), as supported by a haplotype network. Entropy analyses revealed high nucleotide and amino acid variability of the Capsid region. Selection pressure analysis revealed four codons at positions 24, 50, 103, and 111 in the Cap protein evolved under diversifying selection. Prediction of B-cell epitopes exhibited four consensus sequences based on physiochemical properties, and eleven peptide sequences were predicted as T-cell epitopes. In addition, the positive selection sites were located within T-cell and B-cell epitopes, suggesting the role of the host immune system as a driving force in virus evolution. Conclusions Our study provides knowledge of CanineCV genetic diversity, virus evolution, and potential epitopes for host cell immune response.

• Publisher: BioMed Central,BioMed Central Ltd,Springer Nature B.V,BMC
• Subject: Amino Acid Sequence / Amino acids / Animals / B-lymphocytes / Canidae / Canine circovirus / Capsid / Capsid protein / Capsid Proteins - genetics / Circoviridae / Circoviridae Infections - veterinary / Circoviridae Infections - virology / Circovirus / Circovirus - genetics / Circular DNA / Clonal selection / coat proteins / Codons / computer simulation / Diarrhea / Diseases / DNA viruses / Dog Diseases - virology / Dogs / Entropy / Epitope / Epitopes / Epitopes, B-Lymphocyte - genetics / Epitopes, B-Lymphocyte - immunology / Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte - genetics / Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte - immunology / Evolution / Gastroenteritis / Genetic aspects / Genetic characterization / Genetic diversity / Genetic variability / Genetic Variation / Genomes / genomics / Haplotypes / Identification and classification / immune response / Immune response (cell-mediated) / immunoinformatics / Lymphocytes B / Lymphocytes T / Medicine / Medicine & Public Health / Natural selection / Peptides / Phylogenetics / Phylogeny / Positive selection / prediction / Proteins / Respiratory diseases / respiratory tract diseases / selection pressure / Single-stranded DNA / structural proteins / T-lymphocytes / Thailand / Transgenics / Vasculitis / Veterinary Medicine/Veterinary Science / Viral proteins / viruses / Zoology