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The prevalence and epidemiology of plasmid-mediated penicillin and tetracycline resistance among Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates in Guangzhou, China, 2002–2012
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The prevalence and epidemiology of plasmid-mediated penicillin and tetracycline resistance among Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates in Guangzhou, China, 2002–2012
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The prevalence and epidemiology of plasmid-mediated penicillin and tetracycline resistance among Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates in Guangzhou, China, 2002–2012
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Journal Article
The prevalence and epidemiology of plasmid-mediated penicillin and tetracycline resistance among Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates in Guangzhou, China, 2002–2012
2015
Overview
Background
Gonococcal antimicrobial resistance is a global problem. Different resistance plasmids have emerged and spread among the isolates of
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
worldwide and in China. We conducted this study to monitor the plasmid-mediated penicillin and tetracycline resistance among
N. gonorrhoeae
isolates in Guangzhou from 2002 to 2012.
Methods
Consecutive isolates of
N. gonorrhoeae
were collected from outpatients with gonorrhea attending the STD clinic in Guangdong Provincial Centre for Skin Diseases and STIs Control and Prevention. Penicillinase-producing
N. gonorrhoeae
(PPNG) isolates were analyzed by the paper acidometric method. Plasmid-mediated resistance to tetracycline in
N. gonorrhoeae
(TRNG) isolates was screened by the agar plate dilution method. Plasmid types were determined for TRNG and PPNG isolates using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) to penicillin and tetracycline were detected by the agar plate dilution.
Results
Of 1378 consecutive
N. gonorrhoeae
isolates, 429 PPNG and 639 TRNG isolates were identified. The prevalence of PPNG, TRNG, and PPNG/TRNG increased from 18.3 to 47.1 % (
χ
2
= 31.57,
p
< 0.001), from 29.4 to 52.1 % (
χ
2
= 16.28,
p
< 0.001) and from 10.0 to 26.2 % (
χ
2
= 10.46,
p
< 0.001) between 2002 and 2012, respectively. Genotyping of plasmids among PPNGs showed that the majority (93.7 %) of the isolates were the Asian type plasmids, while the African type plasmid emerged in 2008 and rapidly increased to 14.0 % in 2012 (
χ
2
= 25.03,
p
< 0.001). For TRNGs, all 639 isolates carried the Dutch type plasmid. MICs of penicillin G and tetracycline persisted at high levels and the MIC
90s
were 32-fold higher than the resistant cutoff point over 11 years. The prevalence rates of penicillin- and tetracycline-resistant
N. gonorrhoeae
varied from 90.9 to 91.1 % and from 88.3 to 89.3 % during 2002 to 2012, respectively.
Conclusions
Resistance to penicillin and tetracycline among
N. gonorrhoeae
isolates remained at high levels in Guangzhou. The Asian type PPNG continued to spread and Dutch type TRNG was still the dominant strain. The African type PPNG has emerged and is spreading rapidly.
Publisher
BioMed Central,BioMed Central Ltd,Springer Nature B.V
Subject
/ Anti-Bacterial Agents - pharmacology
/ Complications and side effects
/ Drug resistance in microorganisms
/ Drug Resistance, Bacterial - genetics
/ Humans
/ Medicine
/ Neisseria gonorrhoeae - drug effects
/ Neisseria gonorrhoeae - genetics
/ Neisseria gonorrhoeae - isolation & purification
/ Plasmids
/ Sexually transmitted diseases
/ STD
