Journal Article

Blocking calcium-MYC regulatory axis inhibits early dedifferentiation of chondrocytes and contributes to cartilage regeneration

Zhu, Yaying, Fu, Yaoyao, Ma, Jing, Wang, Honglei, Li, Chenlong, Wu, Xu, He, Aijuan, Wang, Qixuan, Guo, Xudong, Zhang, Tianyu

2025

Overview

Tissue engineering technology for cartilage regeneration has increasingly emerged as a preferred method for repairing cartilage defects. However, the loss of chondrocyte-specific phenotypes during in vitro expansion, commonly referred to as dedifferentiation, impedes cartilage regeneration. Current research has yet to fully elucidate this phenomenon, hindering the development of improved cartilage regeneration. Our study employed single-cell sequencing and transposase-accessible chromatin sequencing to identify biomarkers, cell lineages and cellular characteristics within auricular chondrocytes during in vitro expansion. Our results showed that lower passage (P3) chondrocytes exhibited more dedifferentiated phenotypes with increased chromatin accessibility, while higher passage (P6) chondrocytes demonstrated hypertrophic characteristics. Furthermore, we identified that increased calcium influx was closely associated with the early dedifferentiation of chondrocytes, while inhibiting calcium signaling in early dedifferentiated cell could reverse cell phenotypes and promoted cartilage regeneration. In-depth mechanism research revealed that the expression of MYC mRNA was downregulated by increased calcium influx, which subsequently reduced SOX5/SOX6 levels, important transcription factors for chondrocytes, leading to diminished extracellular matrix production and early dedifferentiation. In conclusion, we provide a comprehensive understanding of chondrocyte dedifferentiation and propose new strategies for optimizing cartilage regeneration systems. Graphical abstract

• Publisher: BioMed Central,BioMed Central Ltd,Springer Nature B.V,BMC
• Subject: Animals / Anopheles / Biomarkers / Biomedical and Life Sciences / Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering / Calcium - metabolism / Calcium influx / Calcium Signaling / Calcium signaling pathway / Calcium signalling / Cartilage / Cartilage - physiology / Cell Biology / Cell cycle / Cell Dedifferentiation / Cells, Cultured / Chondrocyte / Chondrocytes / Chondrocytes - cytology / Chondrocytes - metabolism / Chondrogenesis / Chromatin / Collagen / Dedifferentiation / DNA binding proteins / Extracellular matrix / Gene expression / Genes / Genomics / Humans / Life Sciences / MYC / Myc protein / Ontology / Phenotypes / Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc - genetics / Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc - metabolism / Regeneration / Regenerative Medicine/Tissue Engineering / RNA / Single cell sequencing / Stem Cells / Technology application / Tissue Engineering / Transcription factors / Transposase / Trends