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Possible high risk of transmission of the Nipah virus in South and South East Asia: a review

by Chet Raj Joshi , Shyam Prakash Dumre , Ram Prashad Ojha , Saroj Nepal , Krishna Prasad Pant , Yogendra Shah , Pushpa Raj Acharya , Hem Raj Joshi , Ramesh Shahi , Rajdip Basnet , Jagadish Joshi , Lok Raj Bhatt , Shikha Rimal , Deepak Pokharel , Bimal Dahal , Kamal Singh Khadka , Ram Singh Dhami , Basu Dev Pandey , Kishor Pandey

in Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine / Bats / ELISA / Epidemiology / Fatalities / Infectious Diseases / Medicine / Medicine & Public Health / Nipah virus / One Health / PCR / Phylogenetics / Public Health / RC955-962 / Review / Southeast Asia / Tropical Medicine / Vaccine

2023

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Possible high risk of transmission of the Nipah virus in South and South East Asia: a review

2023

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Possible high risk of transmission of the Nipah virus in South and South East Asia: a review

2023

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Journal Article

Possible high risk of transmission of the Nipah virus in South and South East Asia: a review

Chet Raj Joshi,

Shyam Prakash Dumre,

Ram Prashad Ojha,

Saroj Nepal,

Krishna Prasad Pant,

Yogendra Shah,

Pushpa Raj Acharya,

Hem Raj Joshi,

Ramesh Shahi,

Rajdip Basnet,

Jagadish Joshi,

Lok Raj Bhatt,

Shikha Rimal,

Deepak Pokharel,

Bimal Dahal,

Kamal Singh Khadka,

Ram Singh Dhami,

Basu Dev Pandey,

Kishor Pandey

2023

Overview

Nipah virus (NiV) is a zoonotic, single-stranded RNA virus from the family Paramyxoviridae, genus Henipavirus . NiV is a biosafety-level-4 pathogen that is mostly spread by Pteropus species, which serve as its natural reservoir host. NiV is one of the major public health challenges in South and South East Asia. However, few molecular studies have been conducted to characterise NiV in a specific region. The main objective of this review is to understand the epidemiology, pathogenesis, molecular surveillance, transmission dynamics, genetic diversity, reservoir host, clinical characteristics, and phylogenetics of NiV. South and South East Asian nations have experienced NiV outbreaks. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed that two primary clades of NiV are in circulation. In humans, NiV causes severe respiratory illness and/or deadly encephalitis. NiV is mainly diagnosed by ELISA along with PCR. Therefore, we recommend that the governments of the region support the One Health approach to reducing the risk of zoonotic disease transmission in their respective countries.

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Publisher

Springer Science and Business Media LLC,BioMed Central,Springer Nature B.V,BMC

Subject

Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine

/ Bats

/ ELISA

/ Epidemiology

/ Fatalities

/ Infectious Diseases

/ Medicine