Journal Article

Bisbenzamidine derivative, pentamidine represses DNA damage response through inhibition of histone H2A acetylation

Kato, Akihiro, Kobayashi, Junya, Komatsu, Kenshi, Ohba, Reiko, Ota, Yosuke

2010

Overview

Background MRE11 is an important nuclease which functions in the end-resection step of homologous recombination (HR) repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). As MRE11-deficient ATLD cells exhibit hyper radio-sensitivity and impaired DSB repair, MRE11 inhibitors could possibly function as potent radio-sensitizers. Therefore, we investigated whether a bisbenzamidine derivative, pentamidine, which can inhibit endoexonuclease activity, might influence DSB-induced damage responses via inhibition of MRE11. Results We first clarified that pentamidine inhibited MRE11 nuclease activity and also reduced ATM kinase activity in vitro. Pentamidine increased the radio-sensitivity of HeLa cells, suggesting that this compound could possibly influence DNA damage response factors in vivo. Indeed, we found that pentamidine reduced the accumulation of γ-H2AX, NBS1 and phospho-ATM at the sites of DSBs. Furthermore, pentamidine decreased HR activity in vivo . Pentamidine was found to inhibit the acetylation of histone H2A which could contribute both to inhibition of IR-induced focus formation and HR repair. These results suggest that pentamidine might exert its effects by inhibiting histone acetyltransferases. We found that pentamidine repressed the activity of Tip60 acetyltransferase which is known to acetylate histone H2A and that knockdown of Tip60 by siRNA reduced HR activity. Conclusion These results indicate that inhibition of Tip60 as well as hMRE11 nuclease by pentamidine underlies the radiosensitizing effects of this compound making it an excellent sensitizer for radiotherapy or chemotherapy.

• Publisher: BioMed Central,BioMed Central Ltd,Springer Nature B.V,BMC
• Subject: Acetylation / Acetylation - drug effects / Acetylation - radiation effects / Apoptosis / Ataxia / Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins / Benzamidines - pharmacology / Biomedical and Life Sciences / Biomedicine / Cancer Research / Causes of / Cell Cycle Proteins - antagonists & inhibitors / Cell Cycle Proteins - metabolism / Cell Line, Tumor / Deoxyribonucleic acid / DNA / DNA Breaks, Double-Stranded - drug effects / DNA Breaks, Double-Stranded - radiation effects / DNA Damage / DNA repair / DNA Repair - drug effects / DNA Repair - radiation effects / DNA-Activated Protein Kinase - metabolism / DNA-Binding Proteins - antagonists & inhibitors / DNA-Binding Proteins - metabolism / Enzyme Inhibitors - pharmacology / Experiments / Gamma Rays / Gene Knockdown Techniques / Genomes / Green Fluorescent Proteins - metabolism / Health aspects / Histone Acetyltransferases - antagonists & inhibitors / Histones - metabolism / Humans / Kinases / Lysine Acetyltransferase 5 / Mitochondrial DNA / MRE11 Homologue Protein / Nuclear Proteins - metabolism / Oncology / Pentamidine - pharmacology / Physiological aspects / Protein synthesis / Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases - antagonists & inhibitors / Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases - metabolism / Proteins / Radiation therapy / Radiation, Ionizing / Radiotherapy / Recombination, Genetic - genetics / Tumor Suppressor Proteins - antagonists & inhibitors / Tumor Suppressor Proteins - metabolism