Journal Article

Genomic regions and candidate genes linked with Phytophthora capsici root rot resistance in chile pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)

Bosland, Paul W., Nunez, Guillermo, Barchenger, Derek W., Sanogo, Soumaila, Dura, Srijana, Lujan, Phillip, Lozada, Dennis N., Coon, Danise

2021

Overview

Background Phytophthora root rot, caused by Phytophthora capsici, is a major disease affecting Capsicum production worldwide. A recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from the hybridization between ‘Criollo de Morellos-334’ (CM-334), a resistant landrace from Mexico, and ‘Early Jalapeno’, a susceptible cultivar was genotyped using genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS)-derived single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. A GBS-SNP based genetic linkage map for the RIL population was constructed. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping dissected the genetic architecture of P. capsici resistance and candidate genes linked to resistance for this important disease were identified. Results Development of a genetic linkage map using 1,973 GBS-derived polymorphic SNP markers identified 12 linkage groups corresponding to the 12 chromosomes of chile pepper, with a total length of 1,277.7 cM and a marker density of 1.5 SNP/cM. The maximum gaps between consecutive SNP markers ranged between 1.9 (LG7) and 13.5 cM (LG5). Collinearity between genetic and physical positions of markers reached a maximum of 0.92 for LG8. QTL mapping identified genomic regions associated with P. capsici resistance in chromosomes P5, P8, and P9 that explained between 19.7 and 30.4% of phenotypic variation for resistance. Additive interactions between QTL in chromosomes P5 and P8 were observed. The role of chromosome P5 as major genomic region containing P. capsici resistance QTL was established. Through candidate gene analysis, biological functions associated with response to pathogen infections, regulation of cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity, and epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation were identified. Conclusions Results support the genetic complexity of the P. capsici – Capsicum pathosystem and the possible role of epigenetics in conferring resistance to Phytophthora root rot. Significant genomic regions and candidate genes associated with disease response and gene regulatory activity were identified which allows for a deeper understanding of the genomic landscape of Phytophthora root rot resistance in chile pepper.

• Publisher: BioMed Central,BioMed Central Ltd,Springer Nature B.V,BMC
• Subject: Agriculture / Analysis / Biomarkers / Biomedical and Life Sciences / Capsicum / Capsicum - genetics / Capsicum - microbiology / Capsicum annuum / Care and treatment / Chromosome Mapping / Chromosomes / Collinearity / Cultivars / Diagnosis / Disease / Disease resistance / Disease Resistance - genetics / DNA methylation / Environmental aspects / Epigenetics / Gene mapping / Gene polymorphism / Genes / Genetic aspects / Genetic Markers / Genome, Plant / Genomes / Genomics / Genotyping / Genotyping Techniques / Genotyping-by-sequencing / Germplasm / Growth / Hot peppers / Hybridization / inbred lines / Inbreeding / Jalapeno / Kinases / landraces / Life Sciences / Mapping / Methods / Mexico / New Mexico RIL (NMRIL) population / Nucleotides / pathogens / pepper / Peppers / phenotypic variation / Phenotypic variations / Phytophthora / Phytophthora - physiology / Phytophthora capsici / Phytophthora diseases / Phytophthora root rot / Plant Diseases - genetics / Plant Diseases - microbiology / Plant Roots - microbiology / Plant Sciences / Polymorphism / Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Population / Protein-serine/threonine kinase / QTL mapping / Quantitative genetics / Quantitative Trait Loci / quantitative traits / Risk factors / Root rot / serine / Single nucleotide polymorphisms / Single-nucleotide polymorphism / threonine / Tree Biology / Variance analysis