Journal Article

A novel protein encoded by circular SMO RNA is essential for Hedgehog signaling activation and glioblastoma tumorigenicity

Li, Fanying, Xiao, Feizhe, Xia, Xin, Yang, Xuesong, Zhang, Maolei, Yang, Lixuan, Liu, Dawei, Xiao, Songhua, Zhou, Huangkai, Li, Bo, Wu, Xujia, Li, Xixi, Zhong, Jian, Zhang, Nu, Huang, Nunu

2021

Overview

Background Aberrant activation of the Hedgehog pathway drives tumorigenesis of many cancers, including glioblastoma. However, the sensitization mechanism of the G protein-coupled-like receptor smoothened (SMO), a key component of Hedgehog signaling, remains largely unknown. Results In this study, we describe a novel protein SMO-193a.a. that is essential for Hedgehog signaling activation in glioblastoma. Encoded by circular SMO (circ-SMO), SMO-193a.a. is required for sonic hedgehog (Shh) induced SMO activation, via interacting with SMO, enhancing SMO cholesterol modification, and releasing SMO from the inhibition of patched transmembrane receptors. Deprivation of SMO-193a.a. in brain cancer stem cells attenuates Hedgehog signaling intensity and suppresses self-renewal, proliferation in vitro, and tumorigenicity in vivo. Moreover, circ-SMO/SMO-193a.a. is positively regulated by FUS, a direct transcriptional target of Gli1. Shh/Gli1/FUS/SMO-193a.a. form a positive feedback loop to sustain Hedgehog signaling activation in glioblastoma. Clinically, SMO-193a.a. is more specifically expressed in glioblastoma than SMO and is relevant to Gli1 expression. Higher expression of SMO-193a.a. predicts worse overall survival of glioblastoma patients, indicating its prognostic value. Conclusions Our study reveals that SMO-193a.a., a novel protein encoded by circular SMO, is critical for Hedgehog signaling, drives glioblastoma tumorigenesis and is a novel target for glioblastoma treatment.

• Publisher: BioMed Central,Springer Nature B.V,BMC
• Subject: Angiogenesis / Animal Genetics and Genomics / Bioinformatics / Biomedical and Life Sciences / Brain cancer / Brain cancer stem cells / brain neoplasms / Brain stem / Cancer Evolution and Metastasis / carcinogenesis / Cell proliferation / Cell self-renewal / Cholesterol / Circular RNA / Erinaceidae / Evolutionary Biology / genome / Glioblastoma / Hedgehog pathway / Hedgehog protein / Human Genetics / Life Sciences / Medical prognosis / Microbial Genetics and Genomics / Novel protein / Plant Genetics and Genomics / Proteins / Ribonucleic acid / RNA / Stem cells / Transcription / transcription (genetics) / Tumorigenesis / Tumorigenicity