Journal Article

Nicotinamide promotes pancreatic differentiation through the dual inhibition of CK1 and ROCK kinases in human embryonic stem cells

Ren, Zhili, Liu, Weiwei, Zhou, Zhou, Chen, Guokai, Zhang, Yumeng, Xu, Jiaqi, Meng, Ya, Lu, Ligong

2021

Overview

Background Vitamin B3 (nicotinamide) plays important roles in metabolism as well as in SIRT and PARP pathways. It is also recently reported as a novel kinase inhibitor with multiple targets. Nicotinamide promotes pancreatic cell differentiation from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). However, its molecular mechanism is still unclear. In order to understand the molecular mechanism involved in pancreatic cell fate determination, we analyzed the downstream pathways of nicotinamide in the derivation of NKX6.1 + pancreatic progenitors from hESCs. Methods We applied downstream modulators of nicotinamide during the induction from posterior foregut to pancreatic progenitors, including niacin, PARP inhibitor, SIRT inhibitor, CK1 inhibitor and ROCK inhibitor. The impact of those treatments was evaluated by quantitative real-time PCR, flow cytometry and immunostaining of pancreatic markers. Furthermore, CK1 isoforms were knocked down to validate CK1 function in the induction of pancreatic progenitors. Finally, RNA-seq was used to demonstrate pancreatic induction on the transcriptomic level. Results First, we demonstrated that nicotinamide promoted pancreatic progenitor differentiation in chemically defined conditions, but it did not act through either niacin-associated metabolism or the inhibition of PARP and SIRT pathways. In contrast, nicotinamide modulated differentiation through CK1 and ROCK inhibition. We demonstrated that CK1 inhibitors promoted the generation of PDX1/NKX6.1 double-positive pancreatic progenitor cells. shRNA knockdown revealed that the inhibition of CK1α and CK1ε promoted pancreatic progenitor differentiation. We then showed that nicotinamide also improved pancreatic progenitor differentiation through ROCK inhibition. Finally, RNA-seq data showed that CK1 and ROCK inhibition led to pancreatic gene expression, similar to nicotinamide treatment. Conclusions In this report, we revealed that nicotinamide promotes generation of pancreatic progenitors from hESCs through CK1 and ROCK inhibition. Furthermore, we discovered the novel role of CK1 in pancreatic cell fate determination.

• Publisher: BioMed Central,BioMed Central Ltd,Springer Nature B.V,BMC
• Subject: Analysis / Antibodies / Apoptosis / Biomedical and Life Sciences / Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering / Casein kinase 1 (CK1) / Cell Biology / Cell culture / Cell differentiation / Cell fate / Embryo cells / Embryonic stem cells / Flow cytometry / Foregut / Gene expression / Human embryonic stem cells / Immunomodulation / Isoforms / Kinase inhibitor / Kinases / Life Sciences / Metabolism / Niacin / Niacinamide / Nicotinamide / Nicotinic acid / Nkx6.1 protein / Pancreas / Pancreatic progenitors / Physiological aspects / Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase / Progenitor cells / Regenerative Medicine/Tissue Engineering / Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) / RNA / Short Report / Stem Cells / Transcriptomics