Journal Article

Genetic effects on the efficiency and responsiveness to phosphorus use in popcorn as estimated by diallel analysis

Vivas, Marcelo, Ferreira Pena, Guilherme, Kamphorst, Samuel Henrique, Alves Ferreira, Fernando Rafael, Schegoscheski Gerhardt, Ismael Fernando, Teixeira do Amaral Junior, Antonio, Araújo Diniz Santos, Pedro Henrique, Moreira Guimarães, Lauro José, de Lima, Valter Jario, Mendonça Freitas, Marta Simone

2019

Overview

Agricultural expansion and the need for sustainable cultivation are challenges faced by researchers involved in the generation of new cultivars that can adapt to abiotic stress. Knowledge of the genetic effects of characteristics related to efficiency and responsiveness to phosphorus use must be considered when implementing methods to obtain better genotypes. The aim of this study was to characterize and select popcorn hybrids based on their efficiency and responsiveness to phosphorus use, and estimate their combining abilities and genetic effects via diallel analysis to implement improvement programs for sustainable agriculture. Eight contrasting inbred lines were used to obtain simple hybrids for diallel analysis. Twenty-eight diallelic hybrids plus the popcorn parental lines were evaluated at two different sites under two contrasting environments for soil phosphorus availability (6 × 6 lattice design). Grain yield, popping expansion, and volume of expanded popcorn per hectare were measured. A combined analysis of variance and a test of means were performed. The classification and utilization of the phosphorus use efficiency index, according to the grain yield performance of the hybrids under contrasting environments, was considered. Through model 2 of the Griffing's diallel analysis method, the general and specific combining abilities were estimated, along with their environmental interactions. The best strategy to obtain genotypes that are efficient and responsive to phosphorus involves exploring popcorn hybrids using genitors that result in the accumulation of additive genes that promote popping expansion. Hybrids P7 × L80, P7 × L59, P7 × L76, and P6 × L80 presented promising results and may be evaluated as cultivation options in phosphorus-deficient soils.

• Publisher: Public Library of Science,Public Library of Science (PLoS)
• Subject: Agricultural expansion / Agriculture / Agriculture - methods / Analysis / Biology and Life Sciences / Crop yield / Crops / Crops, Agricultural / Cultivars / Cultivation / Ecology and Environmental Sciences / Edible Grain - genetics / Efficiency / Expansion / Gene expression / Genes / Genetic analysis / Genetic effects / Genotype / Genotypes / Health aspects / Hybridization, Genetic / Hybrids / Inbreeding / Inheritances / Lattice design / Models, Genetic / Phenotype / Phosphorus / Phosphorus - chemistry / Physical Sciences / Plant Breeding / Popcorn / Prevalence studies (Epidemiology) / Quantitative genetics / Research and Analysis Methods / Soil - chemistry / Soil fertility / Soil phosphorus / Soils / Sustainability / Sustainable agriculture / Variance analysis / Zea mays - genetics