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Chromatin Compaction Protects Genomic DNA from Radiation Damage

by Yoshikawa, Yuko , Shimura, Mari , Iida, Yutaka , Yoshikawa, Kenichi , Mori, Toshiaki , Hanafusa, Tomo , Maeshima, Kazuhiro , Ishikawa, Kenichi , Takata, Hideaki

in Biology / Cancer therapies / Cell cycle / Charged particles / Chemical agents / Chemical attack / Chromatin / Chromatin - drug effects / Chromatin - radiation effects / Cisplatin - pharmacology / Compaction / Deoxyribonucleic acid / DNA / DNA - drug effects / DNA - radiation effects / DNA Breaks, Double-Stranded - drug effects / DNA Breaks, Double-Stranded - radiation effects / DNA damage / DNA Damage - drug effects / DNA Damage - radiation effects / DNA repair / Epigenetics / Genetics / Genomes / Genomics / HeLa Cells / Humans / In Situ Nick-End Labeling / Irradiation / Mammals / Mitosis / Nuclei / Radiation / Radiation (Physics) / Radiation damage / Radiation, Ionizing

2013

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Chromatin Compaction Protects Genomic DNA from Radiation Damage

by Yoshikawa, Yuko , Shimura, Mari , Iida, Yutaka , Yoshikawa, Kenichi , Mori, Toshiaki , Hanafusa, Tomo , Maeshima, Kazuhiro , Ishikawa, Kenichi , Takata, Hideaki

2013

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Chromatin Compaction Protects Genomic DNA from Radiation Damage

by Yoshikawa, Yuko , Shimura, Mari , Iida, Yutaka , Yoshikawa, Kenichi , Mori, Toshiaki , Hanafusa, Tomo , Maeshima, Kazuhiro , Ishikawa, Kenichi , Takata, Hideaki

2013

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Journal Article

Chromatin Compaction Protects Genomic DNA from Radiation Damage

Yoshikawa, Yuko,

Shimura, Mari,

Iida, Yutaka,

Yoshikawa, Kenichi,

Mori, Toshiaki,

Hanafusa, Tomo,

Maeshima, Kazuhiro,

Ishikawa, Kenichi,

Takata, Hideaki

2013

Overview

Genomic DNA is organized three-dimensionally in the nucleus, and is thought to form compact chromatin domains. Although chromatin compaction is known to be essential for mitosis, whether it confers other advantages, particularly in interphase cells, remains unknown. Here, we report that chromatin compaction protects genomic DNA from radiation damage. Using a newly developed solid-phase system, we found that the frequency of double-strand breaks (DSBs) in compact chromatin after ionizing irradiation was 5-50-fold lower than in decondensed chromatin. Since radical scavengers inhibited DSB induction in decondensed chromatin, condensed chromatin had a lower level of reactive radical generation after ionizing irradiation. We also found that chromatin compaction protects DNA from attack by chemical agents. Our findings suggest that genomic DNA compaction plays an important role in maintaining genomic integrity.

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Public Library of Science,Public Library of Science (PLoS)

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