Journal Article

Genome-wide Identification and Expression Analysis of the CDPK Gene Family in Grape, Vitis spp

Ma, Yan-Fei, Han, Yong-Tao, Wang, Yue-Jin, Zheng, Yi, Wen, Ying-Qiang, Zhao, Feng-Li, Hu, Yang, Zhang, Kai, Gao, Yu-Rong

2015

Overview

Background Calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs) play vital roles in plant growth and development, biotic and abiotic stress responses, and hormone signaling. Little is known about the CDPK gene family in grapevine. Results In this study, we performed a genome-wide analysis of the 12X grape genome ( Vitis vinifera ) and identified nineteen CDPK genes. Comparison of the structures of grape CDPK genes allowed us to examine their functional conservation and differentiation. Segmentally duplicated grape CDPK genes showed high structural conservation and contributed to gene family expansion. Additional comparisons between grape and Arabidopsis thaliana demonstrated that several grape CDPK genes occured in the corresponding syntenic blocks of Arabidopsis , suggesting that these genes arose before the divergence of grapevine and Arabidopsis . Phylogenetic analysis divided the grape CDPK genes into four groups. Furthermore, we examined the expression of the corresponding nineteen homologous CDPK genes in the Chinese wild grape ( Vitis pseudoreticulata ) under various conditions, including biotic stress, abiotic stress, and hormone treatments. The expression profiles derived from reverse transcription and quantitative PCR suggested that a large number of VpCDPKs responded to various stimuli on the transcriptional level, indicating their versatile roles in the responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. Moreover, we examined the subcellular localization of VpCDPKs by transiently expressing six VpCDPK-GFP fusion proteins in Arabidopsis mesophyll protoplasts; this revealed high variability consistent with potential functional differences. Conclusions Taken as a whole, our data provide significant insights into the evolution and function of grape CDPKs and a framework for future investigation of grape CDPK genes.

• Publisher: BioMed Central,BioMed Central Ltd
• Subject: abiotic stress / Agriculture / Amino Acid Sequence / Arabidopsis thaliana / Biomedical and Life Sciences / biotic stress / Comparative analysis / genes / Genetic aspects / Genomics and evolution / grapes / Growth / growth and development / Life Sciences / mesophyll / Molecular Sequence Data / Phylogeny / plant growth / Plant Proteins - genetics / Plant Proteins - metabolism / Plant Sciences / Protein kinases / Protein Kinases - genetics / Protein Kinases - metabolism / proteins / protoplasts / quantitative polymerase chain reaction / Research Article / reverse transcription / Sequence Alignment / stress response / Tree Biology / Vitis - genetics / Vitis - metabolism / Vitis vinifera