Journal Article

Multiple cropping effectively increases soil bacterial diversity, community abundance and soil fertility of paddy fields

Yang, Xiaoqi, Liang, Xiaogui, Shah, Adnan Noor, Tang, Haiying, Liu, Ying, Hassan, Muhammad Umair, Qumsani, Alaa T., Qari, Sameer H., Huang, Guoqin, Nawaz, Muhammad

2024

Overview

Background Crop diversification is considered as an imperative approach for synchronizing the plant nutrient demands and soil nutrient availability. Taking two or more crops from the same field in one year is considered as multiple cropping. It improves the diversity and abundance of soil microbes, thereby improving the growth and yield of crops. Therefore, the present study was conducted to explore the effects of different multiple winter cropping on soil microbial communities in paddy fields. In this study, eight rice cropping patterns from two multiple cropping systems with three different winter crops, including Chinese milk vetch (CMV), rape, and wheat were selected. The effects of different multiple winter cropping on soil microbial abundance, community structure, and diversity in paddy fields were studied by 16 S rRNA high-throughput sequencing and real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results The results showed that different multiple winter cropping increased the operational taxonomic units (OTUs), species richness, and community richness index of the bacterial community in 0 ~ 20 cm soil layer. Moreover, soil physical and chemical properties of different multiple cropping patterns also affected the diversity and abundance of microbial bacterial communities. The multiple cropping increased soil potassium and nitrogen content, which significantly affected the diversity and abundance of bacterial communities, and it also increased the overall paddy yield. Moreover, different winter cropping changed the population distribution of microorganisms, and Proteobacteria , Acidobacteria , Nitrospira , and Chloroflexi were identified as the most dominant groups. Multiple winter cropping, especially rape-early rice-late rice (TR) andChinese milk vetch- early rice-late rice (TC) enhanced the abundance of Proteobacteria , Acidobacteria , and Actinobacteria and decreased the relative abundance of Verrucomicrobia and Euryarchaeota . Conclusion In conclusion, winter cropping of Chinese milk vetch and rape were beneficial to improve the soil fertility, bacteria diversity, abundance and rice yield.

• Publisher: BioMed Central,BioMed Central Ltd,Springer Nature B.V,BMC
• Subject: Abundance / Acidobacteria / Actinobacteria / Agriculture / Analysis / Bacteria / bacterial communities / Bacterial community abundance / Bacterial diversity / Biological diversity / Biomedical and Life Sciences / Cereal crops / Chemical properties / Chloroflexi / Community structure / Crop diversification / Crop yield / Cropping systems / Crops / Diversification / Euryarchaeota / Farming / Fertilizers / Flowers & plants / fluorescence / Harvest / Life Sciences / Metabolism / Methods / Microbial activity / Microorganisms / milk / Multiple cropping / Multiple winter cropping / Next-generation sequencing / Nitrogen / nitrogen content / Nutrient availability / paddies / Plant Sciences / Polymerase chain reaction / Population distribution / Potassium / Proteobacteria / quantitative polymerase chain reaction / Rape / Real time / Relative abundance / Rice / Rice fields / rRNA / soil / Soil bacteria / Soil chemistry / Soil fertility / Soil improvement / Soil layers / Soil microbiology / Soil microorganisms / Soil nutrients / Soil properties / Soil structure / Soils / Species richness / Synchronism / Tree Biology / Verrucomicrobia / Wheat / Winter