Asset Details
Do you wish to reserve the book?
The expanding world of small RNAs in plants
Hey, we have placed the reservation for you!
By the way, why not check out events that you can attend while you pick your title.
Oops! Something went wrong.
Looks like we were not able to place the reservation. Kindly try again later.
Are you sure you want to remove the book from the shelf?
The expanding world of small RNAs in plants
Do you wish to request the book?
The expanding world of small RNAs in plants
Please be aware that the book you have requested cannot be checked out. If you would like to checkout this book, you can reserve another copy
We have requested the book for you!
Your request is successful and it will be processed during the Library working hours. Please check the status of your request in My Requests.
Oops! Something went wrong.
Looks like we were not able to place your request. Kindly try again later.
Journal Article
The expanding world of small RNAs in plants
2015
Overview
Key Points
Functional diversification and expansion of silencing pathways in plants relies on duplication of DICER-LIKE proteins (DCLs) and ARGONAUTE proteins (AGOs).
The main small-RNA classes in plants are microRNAs (miRNAs), 21–22-nucleotide secondary siRNAs and 24-nucleotide heterochromatic siRNAs (hetsiRNAs).
All small RNAs in plants are modified at their 3′-end by 2′-
O
-methylation, including miRNAs, which lack this modification in animals. This modification confers stability and protection from degradation.
Plant miRNAs are mainly involved in post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS) by transcript cleavage or translational repression, and also trigger secondary siRNA production from RNA polymerase II (Pol II) transcripts.
Secondary small RNAs of 21 and 22 nucleotides in length are involved in cleavage or translational repression of target transcripts in
cis
and in
trans
. They are also able to initiate TGS by establishing DNA methylation at particular loci.
The majority of siRNAs in plants are 24-nucleotide hetsiRNAs and are involved in silencing repeats and transposable elements by RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM).
Small RNAs in plants are involved in reproductive transitions, including meiosis and gametogenesis, and regulate important epigenetic mechanisms such as genomic imprinting and paramutation.
Plant genomes encode diverse small RNAs, such as microRNAs, secondary siRNAs, heterochromatic siRNAs and various RNA-dependent RNA polymerases, DICER proteins and ARGONAUTE proteins. Together, these constitute several genetic and epigenetic silencing pathways with diverse cellular and developmental functions, in processes including reproductive transitions, genomic imprinting and paramutation.
Plant genomes encode various small RNAs that function in distinct, yet overlapping, genetic and epigenetic silencing pathways. However, the abundance and diversity of small-RNA classes varies among plant species, suggesting coevolution between environmental adaptations and gene-silencing mechanisms. Biogenesis of small RNAs in plants is well understood, but we are just beginning to uncover their intricate regulation and activity. Here, we discuss the biogenesis of plant small RNAs, such as microRNAs, secondary siRNAs and heterochromatic siRNAs, and their diverse cellular and developmental functions, including in reproductive transitions, genomic imprinting and paramutation. We also discuss the diversification of small-RNA-directed silencing pathways through the expansion of RNA-dependent RNA polymerases, DICER proteins and ARGONAUTE proteins.
Publisher
Nature Publishing Group UK,Nature Publishing Group
