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The aluminum distribution and translocation in two citrus species differing in aluminum tolerance
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The aluminum distribution and translocation in two citrus species differing in aluminum tolerance
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Journal Article
The aluminum distribution and translocation in two citrus species differing in aluminum tolerance
2022
Overview
Background
Many citrus orchards of south China suffer from soil acidification, which induces aluminum (Al) toxicity. The Al-immobilization
in vivo
is crucial for Al detoxification. However, the distribution and translocation of excess Al in citrus species are not well understood.
Results
The seedlings of ‘Xuegan’ [
Citrus sinensis
(L.) Osbeck] and ‘Shatianyou’ [
Citrus grandis
(L.) Osbeck], that differ in Al tolerance, were hydroponically treated with a nutrient solution (Control) or supplemented by 1.0 mM Al
3+
(Al toxicity) for 21 days after three months of pre-culture. The Al distribution at the tissue level of citrus species followed the order: lateral roots > primary roots > leaves > stems. The concentration of Al extracted from the cell wall (CW) of lateral roots was found to be about 8 to 10 times higher than in the lateral roots under Al toxicity, suggesting that the CW was the primary Al-binding site at the subcellular level. Furthermore, the Al distribution in CW components of the lateral roots showed that pectin had the highest affinity for binding Al. The relative expression level of genes directly relevant to Al transport indicated a dominant role of
Cs6g03670.1
and
Cg1g021320.1
in the Al distribution of two citrus species. Compared to
C. grandis
,
C. sinensis
had a significantly higher Al concentration on the CW of lateral roots, whereas remarkably lower Al levels in the leaves and stems. Furthermore, Al translocation revealed by the absorption kinetics of the CW demonstrated that
C. sinensis
had a higher Al retention and stronger Al affinity on the root CW than
C. grandis
. According to the FTIR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy) analysis, the Al distribution and translocation might be affected by a modification in the structure and components of the citrus lateral root CW.
Conclusions
A higher Al-retention, mainly attributable to pectin of the root CW, and a lower Al translocation efficiency from roots to shoots contributed to a higher Al tolerance of
C. sinensis
than
C. grandis.
The aluminum distribution and translocation of two citrus species differing in aluminum tolerance were associated with the transcriptional regulation of genes related to Al transport and the structural modification of root CW.
Publisher
BioMed Central,BioMed Central Ltd,BMC
Subject
/ aluminum
/ Analysis
/ Biological Transport - genetics
/ Biomedical and Life Sciences
/ China
/ Citrus
/ Citrus sinensis - drug effects
/ Citrus sinensis - metabolism
/ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
/ Gene Expression Regulation, Plant
/ Growth
/ pectins
/ species
/ Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared
/ toxicity
