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Suffering to Improve Outcomes Determined by Both Chance and Skill
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Journal Article
Suffering to Improve Outcomes Determined by Both Chance and Skill
1984
Overview
Subjects were recruited for two studies regarding physiological responses to chance outcomes. In the first experiment, subjects were told that five rolls of dice would determine how many unpleasant foods they would have to taste. They were told that in order to get baseline information about their autonomic responding, the experimenter wanted to obtain galvanic skin resistance (GSR) data while they either shocked themselves, exerted effort at a vowel-cancellation task, or relaxed, depending upon the experimental condition. In the shock condition, subjects' expectations regarding the number of unpleasant foods they would have to taste improved, whereas in other conditions they did not. In the second experiment, subjects who were asked to shock themselves expected to improve on an anagram task, compared to subjects instructed to relax. The results demonstrated that suffering improved expectations regarding future outcomes.
