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高原鼠兔和高原鼢鼠肠道微生物组及常见抗生素抗性基因的比较
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高原鼠兔和高原鼢鼠肠道微生物组及常见抗生素抗性基因的比较
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Journal Article
高原鼠兔和高原鼢鼠肠道微生物组及常见抗生素抗性基因的比较
2020
Overview
高原鼠兔和高原鼢鼠是青藏高原的两种优势小型哺乳动物，其肠道微生物在宿主高原适应性方面发挥着重要作用，同时，作为野生动物，它们的肠道微生物也可能携带抗生素抗性基因并将其传播给人类，造成抗生素药物失效。因此，对这两个物种肠道微生物组和抗生素抗性基因的研究十分重要。本研究通过16S rRNA基因测序，定量PCR等技术获得两物种肠道菌群特征并检测到了抗生素抗性基因。结果发现，在门水平上，高原鼢鼠肠道拟杆菌门（Bacteroidetes）的相对丰度更高；而高原鼠兔肠道厚壁菌门（Firmicutes）和放线菌门（Actinobacteria）的相对丰度更高，在属水平上，高原鼢鼠的拟杆菌属（Bacteroides）和S247科中某属的相对丰度更高，而高原鼠兔的普雷沃氏菌（Prevotella）、颤螺菌属（Oscillospira）、YRC22和瘤球菌科（Ruminococcaceae）中某属的相对丰度更高。这些微生物大多与植物多糖分解有关。另外，高原鼠兔肠道微生物的α多样性高于高原鼢鼠，两物种间肠道菌群结构差异度大，这可能是由物种及膳食结构的差异共同决定的。两物种体内均能检测出抗生素抗性基因，本次研究共检测到3类抗生素抗性基因，分别是四环素类抗性基因tetQ，tetM01和tetG01；磺胺类抗性基因sul1和sul2；以及多重耐药基因floR，其中某些抗生素抗性基因与部分菌群具有相关关系。这些结果表明野生动物体内也存在抗生素抗性基因的蓄积，这些抗生素抗性基因可能传播给人类，对人类的健康产生危害，但可以通过调节野生动物肠道菌群来降低抗生素抗性基因的蓄积与传播。
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