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普通䴓鸣声特征的时空差异分析
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普通䴓鸣声特征的时空差异分析
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Journal Article
普通䴓鸣声特征的时空差异分析
2025
Overview
随着城市化水平的不断提升，城市扩张给城市野生动物带来一定影响。鸟类鸣声是其适应环境的显著行为表达，城市背景下鸟类鸣声参数的时空差异规律可能反映城市扩张对鸟类的影响，为此，以黑龙江省典型留鸟普通䴓（Sitta europaea）为研究对象，在2017—2019年采集其鸣声数据，以城市林业基地（东北林业大学城市林业示范基地）为城市干扰数据，以城郊实验林场（东北林业大学帽儿山实验林场）和偏远自然保护区（黑龙江凉水国家级自然保护区）为自然生态环境数据，分别探析城市与城郊和偏远自然保护区自然生态环境中普通䴓繁殖季和越冬季的鸣声差异。结果显示：（1）城市林业基地普通䴓鸣声参数单音节双音素的持续时间存在季节差异（P = 0.035），繁殖季鸣唱时间长于越冬季；（2）在繁殖季，城市和城郊普通䴓鸣声参数存在空间差异，其中城市普通䴓单音节三音素持续时间（P < 0.001）、最低频率（P = 0.003）显著高于城郊，单音节四音素持续时间更长（P < 0.001）、最高频率更低（P = 0.017）、最低频率更高（P = 0.001）；（3）在越冬季，城市普通䴓的鸣声参数仅单音节双音素的最低频率（P = 0.007）显著低于偏远自然保护区。综合分析发现，城市背景下普通䴓具备多维度的声学适应性行为。城市鸟类通过调整鸣声频率和持续时间等参数，能更好地适应城市化发展的挑战。研究结果可为城市化进程中鸟类声学适应研究提供重要参考。
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