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安徽省黄山区不同生境鸟类多样性季节性变化格局
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Journal Article
安徽省黄山区不同生境鸟类多样性季节性变化格局
2025
Overview
Q958.1; 黄山—怀玉山是我国生物多样性保护优先区域,在季风气候和人类土地开发的共同影响下,其鸟类多样性受不同生境和季节变化的影响可能呈现特有的格局.为了探明这个问题,于2023年3月—2024年2月,按4个季节采用样线法对安徽省黄山市黄山区乡镇、山地和湿地3种不同生境进行鸟类调查研究.结果表明:(1)本次调查共记录到鸟类18目55科194种5 524只,其中国家一级重点保护鸟类5种,国家二级重点保护鸟类33种,表明该区鸟类物种资源丰富;从鸟类区系来看,东洋型95种,古北型76种,广布型23种,东洋型种占据优势,鸟类区系具有南北渗透的特征;从鸟类居留型来看,留鸟95种,占鸟类总数48.97%,夏候鸟34种,占17.53%,冬候鸟49种,占25.26%,旅鸟16种,占8.25%.(2)鸟类群落组成具有季节性差异,春季鸟类种类和数量最高,冬季鸟类的种类和数量最低;春季鸟类Shannon-Wiener多样性指数最高,冬季最低;夏季Simpson多样性指数和Pielou均匀度指数均最高.(3)不同生境下,山地(M)生境鸟类种类最多,湿地(W)最少;而湿地生境发现鸟类数量最多,乡镇(T)最少;山地生境鸟类Shannon-Wiener指数、Simpson指数及Pielou指数均最高,湿地生境均最低,山地生境中鸟类多样性高,群落结构更为稳定,特有种最多;通过Bray-Curtis相异度衡量3种生境之间鸟类群落的相异性,乡镇与山地的相异度最低,与湿地相异度较高,而山地与湿地相异度最高.本研究为精准制定黄山区鸟类多样性保护策略提供了科学依据.
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