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北京首都国际机场鸟击物种鉴定及防控建议
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北京首都国际机场鸟击物种鉴定及防控建议
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Journal Article
北京首都国际机场鸟击物种鉴定及防控建议
2023
Overview
Q958.1; 鸟击是威胁航空安全的重要因素之一,鸟击物种的准确鉴定对机场鸟击防范工作具有重要意义.收集2020年5月—2021年4月北京首都国际机场的鸟击残留物,使用DNA条形码技术对138份鸟击残留物进行鉴定,共鉴定出61个物种.分析发现:鸟击物种以云雀(Alauda arvensis)、金腰燕(Cecropis daurica)和红胁蓝尾鸲(Tar-siger cyanurus)等小型鸟为主;雀形目(Passeriformes)发生鸟击的次数最多,占鸟击总次数的74.64%.此外,鸟击具有季节和时间相关性,首都机场白天(06:00-18:00)和夜间(18:00—次日06:00)的鸟击高峰均发生在10月,且夜间鸟击次数高于白天,这与机场附近的鸟类活动具有一致性.基于研究结果建议:(1)机场要做好鸟击残留物的收集和信息记录,为及时准确鉴定物种提供基础信息.(2)鸟击防范以小型鸟为主,尤其注重秋季鸟类迁徙季的防范工作.(3)加强鸟情监测与生境调查.
