Journal Article

Probiotics Outperform Antioxidants in Improving Semen Parameters of Men with Idiopathic Oligoasthenoteratozoospermia: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Rahavian, Amirhossein, Hajian, Mohammadreza, Gholipour, Farshad, Norouzi, Mahdi, Khorrami, Farbod, Gharakhani, Davoud, Vahidi, Serajoddin, Nazarpour, Mohammad Javad

2026

Overview

Idiopathic oligoasthenoteratozoospermia (iOAT) treatment still poses significant challenges. This study aims to compare the therapeutic efficacy of probiotics on sperm parameters of iOAT patients with placebo and antioxidants. In this triple-blind, randomized controlled trial, 110 men with iOAT were assigned to receive either a probiotic (Familact ), an antioxidant (Sperigen ), or a placebo daily for 3 months, in two academic centers in Iran (Isfahan and Yazd). The study was conducted from July 2021 to April 2022. Sperm parameters were analyzed using computer-assisted semen analysis. The main measured outcomes included semen volume and sperm features, including motility, morphology, and concentration. Changes in semen parameters were assessed using linear mixed-effects models with fixed effects for time, group, and their interaction. Estimated marginal means were compared across groups using Bonferroni-adjusted pairwise tests. Overall, 110 men (mean age of 34.3±4.5 years) were included in the final analysis. Significant Time×Group interactions were found for sperm concentration (P=0.003), motility (P<0.001), and morphology (P<0.001), but not for semen volume (P=0.71). After 3 months, the probiotic group showed significantly greater improvements in sperm concentration (10.42±1.11×10 /mL, P=0.007), motility (46.65±3.73%, P=0.001), and morphology (4.31±0.21%, P<0.001) compared to the placebo group. Additionally, probiotics outperformed antioxidants in morphology (P<0.001) and motility (P=0.009). This study is the first to directly compare probiotics and antioxidants in treating iOAT. Probiotics showed superior performance in sperm motility and morphology compared to antioxidants, although drawing a strong conclusion requires further robust studies IRCT20150420021869N5.

• Publisher: Shiraz University of Medical Sciences
• Subject: Adult / andrology / Antioxidants / Antioxidants - pharmacology / Antioxidants - therapeutic use / Asthenozoospermia - drug therapy / Health aspects / Humans / Iran / Male / male infertility / oligospermia / Oligospermia - drug therapy / Original / Patient compliance / Probiotics / Probiotics - pharmacology / Probiotics - therapeutic use / Semen - drug effects / Semen Analysis - methods / Sperm Count / Sperm Motility - drug effects