Asset Details
Do you wish to reserve the book?
Volatile Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents (VNADESs) for Extraction of Shikonin Derivatives from Echium vulgare Roots and Evaluation of Biological Activity
Hey, we have placed the reservation for you!
By the way, why not check out events that you can attend while you pick your title.
Oops! Something went wrong.
Looks like we were not able to place the reservation. Kindly try again later.
Are you sure you want to remove the book from the shelf?
Volatile Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents (VNADESs) for Extraction of Shikonin Derivatives from Echium vulgare Roots and Evaluation of Biological Activity
Do you wish to request the book?
Volatile Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents (VNADESs) for Extraction of Shikonin Derivatives from Echium vulgare Roots and Evaluation of Biological Activity
Please be aware that the book you have requested cannot be checked out. If you would like to checkout this book, you can reserve another copy
We have requested the book for you!
Your request is successful and it will be processed during the Library working hours. Please check the status of your request in My Requests.
Oops! Something went wrong.
Looks like we were not able to place your request. Kindly try again later.
Journal Article
Volatile Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents (VNADESs) for Extraction of Shikonin Derivatives from Echium vulgare Roots and Evaluation of Biological Activity
2026
Overview
Shikonins are natural naphthoquinones that exhibit a range of biological activities. They are typically extracted using nonpolar solvents; however, green extraction approaches remain underexplored.
Phytochemical profiling of
root extracts was performed using HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS and quantitative analysis using HPLC-PDA. Shikonin extraction was performed using VNADESs based on thymol, camphor, menthol and benzyl alcohol. The feasibility of removing the VNADES from the extracts via freeze-drying was assessed. The cytotoxic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities of the hexane extract and the selected VNADES-based extract (TBa 2:8) were compared.
Eight shikonin derivatives were identified in the extracts. VNADES extracts contained comparable amounts of shikonin to hexane extracts; however, freeze-drying resulted in significant shikonin content loss. TBa 2:8 extract exhibited noticeably lower cytotoxicity than the hexane extract while its antioxidant potential depended on the assay applied. In contrast to the hexane extract, TBa 2:8 demonstrated the ability to reduce intracellular ROS and NO levels. However, the hexane extract exhibited stronger antimicrobial activity.
VNADES systems enable efficient extraction of shikonin derivatives with performance comparable to hexane. Although the resulting extracts exhibit multidirectional biological activity, it remains challenging to remove the VNADESs effectively without losing the shikonins.
Publisher
MDPI AG,Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)
Subject
/ Analysis
/ Animals
/ Anti-Infective Agents - chemistry
/ Anti-Infective Agents - pharmacology
/ Anti-Inflammatory Agents - chemistry
/ Anti-Inflammatory Agents - pharmacology
/ Antioxidants - isolation & purification
/ Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
/ Deep Eutectic Solvents - chemistry
/ Measles
/ methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
/ Naphthoquinones - isolation & purification
/ Naphthoquinones - pharmacology
/ Plant Extracts - pharmacology
/ Solvents
