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A 4.6‐nW, 100‐Hz, 63.88‐dB DR, Second‐Order Subthreshold Gm‐C Filter for Portable Biomedical Applications
A 4.6‐nW, 100‐Hz, 63.88‐dB DR, Second‐Order Subthreshold Gm‐C Filter for Portable Biomedical Applications
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A 4.6‐nW, 100‐Hz, 63.88‐dB DR, Second‐Order Subthreshold Gm‐C Filter for Portable Biomedical Applications
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A 4.6‐nW, 100‐Hz, 63.88‐dB DR, Second‐Order Subthreshold Gm‐C Filter for Portable Biomedical Applications
A 4.6‐nW, 100‐Hz, 63.88‐dB DR, Second‐Order Subthreshold Gm‐C Filter for Portable Biomedical Applications

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A 4.6‐nW, 100‐Hz, 63.88‐dB DR, Second‐Order Subthreshold Gm‐C Filter for Portable Biomedical Applications
A 4.6‐nW, 100‐Hz, 63.88‐dB DR, Second‐Order Subthreshold Gm‐C Filter for Portable Biomedical Applications
Journal Article

A 4.6‐nW, 100‐Hz, 63.88‐dB DR, Second‐Order Subthreshold Gm‐C Filter for Portable Biomedical Applications

2025
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Overview
This letter presents a subthreshold second‐order transconductor–capacitor (Gm‐C) low‐pass filter (LPF) for portable biomedical applications. To broaden the range of linear signal processed by the filter, we modified the source–follower biquad and proposed an advanced gm cell based on source‐coupled pair (SCP). The implementation of self‐cascode composite transistors (SC) in the gm cell resulted in a notable enhancement of the filter's linearity and dynamic range (DR) while maintaining a low power consumption level. The circuit simulations using a 55‐nm CMOS process verified that the proposed filter consumes 4.6 nW and contributes input‐referred noise (IRN) of 104 µVrms at a cut‐off frequency of 100 Hz. Furthermore, the LPF attains DR and figure of merit (FoM) values of 63.88 dB and 14.71 fJ, respectively, which is a potential candidate for biomedical applications. In this letter, a 4.6‐nW, 100‐Hz, 63.88‐dB DR, second‐order subthreshold Gm‐C filter has been discussed, and the figure of merit is 14.71 fJ, which is a potential candidate for portable biomedical applications.