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Ancient mud-brick architecture of Northwest China
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Ancient mud-brick architecture of Northwest China
Ancient mud-brick architecture of Northwest China
Journal Article

Ancient mud-brick architecture of Northwest China

2018
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Overview
Ancient mud-brick architecture along the Silk Road has been an under-studied subject in the world literature of architectural history. Employing results of the microscopic and particle size analyses, this paper seeks to characterize a few examples of mud-brick recently discovered at the Bronze Age settlement of Xichengyi in Northwest China, and demonstrate a new type of mud-brick building technique. The field observation identifies two types of mud-brick. While one type is thick and used together with mortar, which is commonly seen in the existing literature, the other is thin and bound together by ramming, which is unprecedented in the mud-brick architecture over the world. The site is located in the Hexi Corridor, a critical section of the Silk Road, and the multi-room layout of the buildings and the wheat/barley crops hint at dual directions of inspiration, but it is yet uncertain whether the Xichengyi community absorbed the mud-brick building technology from Central Asia. The microscopic and particle size analyses, however, confirm that the second type of mud-brick was ingeniously fused with the earth ramming technique from China proper. L’histoire de l’architecture s’est peu intéressée aux constructions anciennes en briques crues le long de la route de la soie. Grâce aux résultats des analyses microscopiques et granulométriques réalisées sur de telles briques récemment découvertes dans le site de l’âge du Bronze de Xichengyi, dans le Nord-Ouest de la Chine, il est désormais possible de démontrer qu’une nouvelle technique de construction avec des briques crues a été utilisée. Deux sortes de terre crue ont été identifié lors de l’observation sur le terrain. L’une est couramment décrite dans la littérature – il s’agit de briques épaisses confectionnées avec du mortier –, l’autre est fine et obtenue par le damage de la terre ; la seconde est sans précédent dans l’architecture en briques crues, pratiquée ailleurs dans le monde. Le site de Xichengyi se trouve dans le couloir de Hexi, un tronçon important de la route de la soie ; la disposition des bâtiments d’une part et la culture du blé et de l’orge d’autre part suggèrent deux sources d’influence possibles. On ne sait pas encore si la communauté à Xichengyi a adopté les techniques de construction en briques crues depuis l’Asie centrale, mais les analyses microscopiques et granulométriques confirment que la seconde sorte de briques intègre de façon ingénieuse la technique de damage de la terre pratiquée en Chine.
Publisher
CNRS EDITIONS,PERSÉE : Université de Lyon, CNRS & ENS de Lyon,Paris : Maison René-Ginouvès