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Antijudaism and European nationalism – The case of the Society of Jesus under Acquaviva
by
Rastoin, Marc
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ARTICULI
2020
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Antijudaism and European nationalism – The case of the Society of Jesus under Acquaviva
by
Rastoin, Marc
in
ARTICULI
2020
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Antijudaism and European nationalism – The case of the Society of Jesus under Acquaviva
Journal Article
Antijudaism and European nationalism – The case of the Society of Jesus under Acquaviva
2020
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Overview
In 1593, the Society of Jesus adopted the Spanish statutes of purity of blood which Saint Ignatius and his successors had opposed since the foundation of the Society. European nationalism was on the rise and is partly responsible for the decision. How and why the Society did changed its policy on such a delicate matter? And why on that particular year? In France, opposition to Spain was a big argument of the party supporting Henri IV and it was a common slur that Spaniards were «all Jews». In 1590, graffiti was found written on Paris wall: ‘Pereat Societas Iudaica cum gente ibera’. In Spanish ruled Portugal, it was very convenient to foster anti-converso feelings in order to oppose Spain. In Spain itself, the party pushing for discrimination felt it got top political support. In Italy moreover, there had been for over twenty years a growing dissatisfaction against Spanish superiors. Father General Acquaviva used this heterogeneous coalition to secure his grip on power. The old trick did it again: anti-Judaism was used to crush opposition, ironically, however, in Portugal, Spain and France, Jews were officially outlaws.
Nel 1593 la Compagnia di Gesù adottò le leggi spagnole di purezza di razza a cui Sant’Ignazio e i suoi successori si erano opposti sin dalla fondazione della Compagnia. Il nazionalismo europeo, allora in aumento, fu in parte responsabile della decisione. Come e perché la Compagnia di Gesù cambiò la sua politica su una questione così delicata? E perché in quell’anno in particolare? In Francia l’opposizione alla Spagna era un punto fondamentale del partito che sosteneva Enrico IV, tanto che si insultavano gli spagnoli definendoli “tutti ebrei”. Nel 1590 furono trovati alcuni graffiti su alcuni muri di Parigi: “Alla rovina il popolo ebreo e con esso il popolo spagnolo”. Nel Portogallo dominato dalla Spagna era molto vantaggioso promuovere sentimenti anti-converso per contrastare la Spagna. Nella stessa Spagna, il partito che spingeva per la discriminazione sentiva di avere il massimo sostegno politico. Inoltre, da oltre venti anni, in Italia si riscontrava una crescente insoddisfazione nei confronti dei superiori spagnoli. Il Padre Generale Acquaviva, che aveva sfruttato questa eterogenea coalizione per assicurarsi la sua presa al potere, usò nuovamente il vecchio stratagemma: l’antigiudaismo fu usato per schiacciare l’opposizione, ma ironicamente in paesi (Portogallo, Spagna e Francia) dove gli Ebrei erano ufficialmente fuorilegge.
Publisher
Edizioni Studium srl
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