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暗管断面结构对非饱和土壤中暗管排水排盐效果的影响
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暗管断面结构对非饱和土壤中暗管排水排盐效果的影响
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Journal Article
暗管断面结构对非饱和土壤中暗管排水排盐效果的影响
2022
Overview
【目的】研究不同断面结构的暗管在非饱和土壤中的排水排盐效果。【方法】选用了4种断面结构的暗管在室内进行土柱滴灌排水试验；其中，T1为底部不透水的圆形暗管，T2为底部不透水的等边三角形暗管，T3为底部带不透水翼的圆形暗管，T4为底部带不透水翼的等边三角形暗管；各暗管均由金属丝网构成，外裹无聚酯长丝针刺无纺土工布作滤层。供试土壤为砂土，每个土柱灌水7 L，每个处理设置5个重复。利用MATLAB平台对4种暗管周围的非饱和土壤水分运动进行了模拟。【结果】T2处理的拦截面宽度大于T1处理，其对水分的吸持能力是T1处理的2倍；且对土壤水分绕流现象的抑制作用比T1处理的性能略好。T2处理的暗管出水时间比T1处理的提早7.45 h；对暗管增加底翼后，可增强其抑制土壤水绕流的能力，提高其排水排盐效果；其中，T3、T4处理的暗管底部50 cm处的土壤含水率分别为17.02%±0.37%和16.62%±0.77%，均小于T1、T2处理同位置处的土壤含水率；T3、T4处理的排水量分别比T1、T2处理的值增加119.8 mL和119.7 mL，排盐量增加16.76 g和18.83 g；T3、T4处理的暗管出水时间分别比T1、T2处理的出水时间提前9.79 h和3.47 h。通过数值模拟进一步验证了T2处理可以抑制绕流；暗管增加底翼后，可进一步提高其抑制绕流的能力。【结论】在非饱和土壤中，三角形断面暗管抑制土壤含水率绕流的作用好于圆形断面暗管的同类能力；暗管增加底翼后，可以进一步提高其对绕流现象的抑制作用，提高其排水排盐能力。
