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The Submarine in British Periodicals and Fiction, 1901–1914: Death From Below
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Journal Article
The Submarine in British Periodicals and Fiction, 1901–1914: Death From Below
2019
Overview
Holland had honed his submarine building skills in the 1870s and 1880s exclusively for Fenian paramilitary use2 and had been partly inspired by American experiments with submarine warfare during the Revolutionary War and by the Confederate forces during the American Civil War.3 In each case, submarines had been imagined as \"equalizers,\" levelling the playing field between paramilitary organisations and nation states. Robertson quoted the presumed view of the admiralty that \"to design and work a submarine boat was so remote an accomplishment that there was no reasonable probability of being able to create it.\" [...]it would be the weapon \"of an inferior power. The new surge of funds, however, was worryingly aimed towards pleasing the \"man in street\" with grand displays of shipbuilding rather than on personnel and training.29 The insinuation here was that the spread of literacy and voting rights had made the government squeamish over the views of the ordinary citizens and prone to counter-productive populism. [...]submarines became gaudy baubles with which to entertain the public rather than serious weapons of war. A (just about) victorious war had damaged the British reputation; the ensuing \"peace\" was marked by onerous taxation and military expansion; diplomacy soothed international tensions just as it irritated others; the navy was a hidebound, unaccountable institution that was yet somehow prey to the plebiscite whims of the people; it lagged behind in matters of technology but also wasted vast amounts of money on new projects like submarines; the power of the Westminster parties was broken yet the State was assuming a vice- like grip over taxation and spending to the extent that the Westminster Review could even proclaim the onset of \"Practical Socialism\" in February 1905 thanks to state involvement in industry and the growth of municipal services.31 Into this context came the dramatic conclusion of the Russo-Japanese War.
Publisher
ELT Press
Subject
