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A Time-Series View of Changing Surface Ocean Chemistry Due to Ocean Uptake of Anthropogenic CO sub(2) and Ocean Acidification
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A Time-Series View of Changing Surface Ocean Chemistry Due to Ocean Uptake of Anthropogenic CO sub(2) and Ocean Acidification
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Journal Article
A Time-Series View of Changing Surface Ocean Chemistry Due to Ocean Uptake of Anthropogenic CO sub(2) and Ocean Acidification
2014
Overview
Sustained observations provide critically needed data and understanding not only about ocean warming and water cycle reorganization (e.g., salinity changes), ocean eutrophication, and ocean deoxygenation, but also about changes in ocean chemistry. As an example of changes in the global ocean carbon cycle, consistent changes in surface seawater CO sub(2-)carbonate chemistry are documented by seven independent CO sub(2) time series that provide sustained ocean observations collected for periods from 15 to 30 years: (1) Iceland Sea, (2) Irminger Sea, (3) Bermuda Atlantic Time-series Study (BATS), (4) European Station for Time series in the Ocean at the Canary Islands (ESTOC), (5) CArbon Retention In A Colored Ocean sites in the North Atlantic (CARIACO), (6) Hawaii Ocean Time-series (HOT), and (7) Munida in the Pacific Ocean. These ocean time-series sites exhibit very consistent changes in surface ocean chemistry that reflect the impact of uptake of anthropogenic CO sub(2) and ocean acidification. The article discusses the long-term changes in dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), salinity-normalized DIC, and surface seawater pCO sub(2) (partial pressure of CO sub(2)) due to the uptake of anthropogenic CO sub(2) and its impact on the ocean's buffering capacity. In addition, we evaluate changes in seawater chemistry that are due to ocean acidification and its impact on pH and saturation states for biogenic calcium carbonate minerals.
