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Greenhouse gas (CO2 and N2O) emissions from soils: A review
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Journal Article
Greenhouse gas (CO2 and N2O) emissions from soils: A review
2011
Overview
In agricultural activities, the main greenhouse gases (GHG) are those
related to C and N global cycles. The impact of agriculture on GHG
emissions has become a key issue, especially when considering that
natural C and N cycles are influenced by agricultural development. This
review focuses on CO2 and N2O soil emissions in terrestrial ecosystems,
with emphasis in Chilean and similar agro-ecosystems around the world.
The influence of land use and crop management practices on CO2 and N2O
emissions is analyzed; some mitigation measures to reduce such
emissions are also discussed here. More knowledge on the biological
processes that promote of GHG emissions from soil will allow creating
opportunities for agricultural development under friendly-environmental
conditions, where soil can act as a reservoir and/or emitter of GHG,
depending on the balance of inputs and outputs.
En actividades agrícolas los principales gases de efecto
invernadero (GHG) son los relacionados con los ciclos globales de C y
N. El impacto de la agricultura sobre las emisiones GHG se ha
convertido en una cuestión clave, especialmente si se considera
que los ciclos naturales C y N se ven influidos por el desarrollo
agrícola. Esta revisión se centra en emisiones de CO2 y N2O
del suelo en los ecosistemas terrestres, con énfasis en
agro-ecosistemas de Chile y similares alrededor del mundo. Se analiza
la influencia del uso del suelo y las prácticas de manejo del
cultivo sobre emisiones de CO2 y N2O, se discuten medidas de
mitigación para reducir estas emisiones. Un mayor conocimiento
sobre los procesos biológicos que promueven las emisiones GHG del
suelo permitirá la creación de oportunidades para el
desarrollo agrícola en condiciones ambientalmente amigables, donde
el suelo puede actuar como un reservorio y/o emisor de GHG, dependiendo
del balance de entradas y salidas.
Publisher
Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, INIA
