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A Dual-Process Memory Account of How to Make an Evaluation from Complex and Complete Information
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Journal Article
A Dual-Process Memory Account of How to Make an Evaluation from Complex and Complete Information
2019
Overview
Dans la vie réelle, les individus font face à des sources d’informations incertaines, dispersées, incomplètes et incompatibles. Nous proposons une expérience visant à révéler des « anomalies » dans le processus d’acquisition, d’élaboration et de récupération d’informations économiques. Nos résultats corroborent l’existence d’un processus de mémorisation dual proposé par la fuzzy-trace theory : l’acquisition d’informations conduit à la formation de représentations « gist » qui peuvent être incompatibles avec l’exact verbatim des informations rencontrées et stockées en mémoire. Nous avons donné aux participants des informations complexes et complètes, puis mesuré leurs capacités cognitives. Nous concluons qu’afin de procéder à une évaluation, les participants ont préféré l’usage de leurs représentations gist à un traitement approprié de l’information verbatim. Enfin, nous montrons que ce comportement est plus présent chez les participants ayant des capacités cognitives moins élevées. JEL Codes: C91, D83, D89. Individuals are required to cope with uncertain, dispersed, incomplete, and incompatible sources of information in real life. We devised an experiment to reveal empirical “anomalies” in the process of acquisition, elaboration and retrieval of economic related information. Our results support the existence of a dual process in memory that is posited by the fuzzy-trace theory: acquisition of information leads to the formation of a gist representation which may be incompatible with the exact verbatim information stored in memory. We gave participants complex and complete information and then measured their cognitive ability. We conclude that individuals used their gist representation rather than processing verbatim information appropriately to make an evaluation. Finally, we provide evidence that subjects with low cognitive abilities tend to demonstrate more often this specific behavior.
Publisher
Presses de Sciences Po
ISBN
2724636007, 9782724636000
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