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农牧交错区农业资源利用与优化模式——以榆林市为例
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Journal Article
农牧交错区农业资源利用与优化模式——以榆林市为例
2023
Overview
受气候变化和粮食生产结构调整的影响，我国农牧交错区旱作农业规模不断扩大，其保障耕地安全与粮食安全的功能愈发突显，但在农业资源开发利用规模不断扩大的过程中，农牧交错区的资源超载风险与生态脆弱性备受关注。本研究以榆林市为例，运用重心模型、超效率SBM模型和时空分析等方法分析了近年来榆林市气候、耕地、水和种质等农业资源的利用现状、趋势以及面临的机遇和问题，提出农牧交错区农业资源优化利用模式。结果表明，气候变化背景下陕西省耕地重心及粮食生产重心北移趋势显著，1990—2019年间分别向北移动了38.40 km和72.51 km，榆林市农业资源开发利用与生产规模不断扩大；榆林市气候要素的整体变化趋势表现为平均气温和积温升高、降水量增加以及无霜期延长；榆林市耕地面积的变化呈现出先下降再上升最后相对稳定的特征，粮食种植结构发生转变，耕地利用强度和生产能力均有明显提升；榆林市水资源利用总量不断增加，2010—2020年的农业用水效率从0.414提升至1.039。研究提出市场导向型、资源整合型和生态休闲型三种不同的农业资源优化利用模式，分别适用于土地退化和人口流失严重的地区、具有一定资源基础或产业基础的农村地区以及城市近郊区等不同地域类型的农业发展。
Publisher
农业农村部环境保护科研监测所,中国农业生态环境保护协会
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