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中国榛属植物资源培育与利用研究（Ⅱ）——形态发育、生理和分子生物学研究
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中国榛属植物资源培育与利用研究（Ⅱ）——形态发育、生理和分子生物学研究
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Journal Article
中国榛属植物资源培育与利用研究（Ⅱ）——形态发育、生理和分子生物学研究
2018
Overview
榛树是雌雄同株异花植物,在北京地区雌雄花序于当年6月开始形态分化,翌年3月开花。坚果发育则从5月下旬开始至8月上旬成熟。纬度越高,物候越晚。榛属植物光合作用的光饱和点较低,双峰型峰值也远离中午强光时段,表明其适应林荫、弱光条件。盐碱、低温、干旱等胁迫条件下榛树生长受到影响,各项生理指标发生改变,光合能力下降。榛树不同器官具有异熟现象,雄花序、雌花芽和叶芽的需冷量分别为336~1 176、504~1 344、672~1512 h,需热量分别为687.0~998.5、998.5~3 496.1、2 546.5~4 180.3 GDH℃。枝条冬春季失水是导致抽条发生的直接原因,抗抽条品种枝条的导管密度、导管总面积、导管/木质部、射线条数及其横截面积、导管细胞平均长度及平均直径等高而皮孔宽度小。对抗低温、抗抽条、抗盐碱、花芽分化、自交不亲和等主要性状基因进行了克隆、表达与功能初步研究,为分子辅助育种奠定了基础。系统研究了榛属植物花粉特性、柱头可授性、授粉受精过程及子房和胚珠的败育等问题,为提高授粉效果、预防空壳等提供指导。
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