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Betaine as an Ergogenic Aid to Improve Muscle Fatigue in Physical Exercise: A Systematic Review of Randomized Clinical Trials
Betaine as an Ergogenic Aid to Improve Muscle Fatigue in Physical Exercise: A Systematic Review of Randomized Clinical Trials
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Betaine as an Ergogenic Aid to Improve Muscle Fatigue in Physical Exercise: A Systematic Review of Randomized Clinical Trials
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Betaine as an Ergogenic Aid to Improve Muscle Fatigue in Physical Exercise: A Systematic Review of Randomized Clinical Trials
Betaine as an Ergogenic Aid to Improve Muscle Fatigue in Physical Exercise: A Systematic Review of Randomized Clinical Trials

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Betaine as an Ergogenic Aid to Improve Muscle Fatigue in Physical Exercise: A Systematic Review of Randomized Clinical Trials
Betaine as an Ergogenic Aid to Improve Muscle Fatigue in Physical Exercise: A Systematic Review of Randomized Clinical Trials
Journal Article

Betaine as an Ergogenic Aid to Improve Muscle Fatigue in Physical Exercise: A Systematic Review of Randomized Clinical Trials

2025
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Overview
Objectives:This systematic review aims to investigate the influence of betaine supplementation on muscle fatigue during exercise.Methodology: To this end, the PRISMA guidelines were adopted and the study was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42023469111).Searches were conducted using specific keywords according to the PICOS strategy on March 12, 2024, in the PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Embase and SCOPUS databases. Randomized clinical trials(RCTs)in adults of both sexes that used betaine as a supplement, compared to placebo, to improve muscle fatigue during physical exercise were included. Animal studies and studies with concomitant use of betaine and other supplements were excluded. Muscle fatigue was assessed using the one-repetition maximum test and blood lactate during leg press or squat and bench press exercises. The risk of bias of the included studies was assessed using the Cochrane RoB2 tool and the certainty of the evidence using GRADE. Results: Five RCTs were included, inwhich a total of 93 participants were evaluated; all were male, with 57 individuals allocated to the intervention group with a mean age of 19.18±2.67 years, and 58 individuals in the control group with a mean age of 19.66±2.44 years. Betaine promoted more repetitions until muscle fatigue in the leg press or squat (n = 3) and bench press (n = 2), with reductions in serum lactate in two of these studies. Conclusion: Betaine can be considered as a potential ergogenic resource for improving muscle fatigue, providing a greater number of repetitions in exercises and eliminating lactate in the blood. Objetivos: Esta revisión sistemática investigóla influencia de la suplementación con betaína en la fatiga muscular durante el ejercicio. Metodología: Para ello se ocupólas directrices PRISMA y se registró el estudio en PROSPERO (CRD42023469111). Se realizaron búsquedas utilizando palabras clave específicas según la estrategia PICOS en el 12 de marzo de 2024 en las bases de datos PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Embase y SCOPUS. Se incluyeron ensayos clínicos aleatorios(ECA)en adultos de ambos sexos que utilizaron betaína como suplemento, en comparación con placebo, para mejorar la fatiga muscular durante el ejercicio físico. Se excluyeron los estudios en animales y los estudios con uso concomitante de betaína y otros suplementos. La fatiga muscularse evaluó mediante la prueba de una repetición máxima y el lactato sanguíneo durante los ejercicios de leg-press,o sentadilla y press de banca. El riesgo de sesgo de los estudios incluidos se evaluó mediante la herramienta Cochrane RoB2 y la certeza de las pruebas mediante GRADE. Resultados: Se incluyeron cinco ECA, en los que se evaluó a un total de 93 participantes; todos eran varones, con 57 individuos asignados al grupo de intervención con una edad media de 19,18±2,67 años, y 58 individuos en el grupo de control con una edadmedia de 19,66±2,44 años. La betaína promovió más repeticiones hasta la fatiga muscular en el leg-presso sentadilla (n = 3) y en el press de banca (n = 2), con menores nivelsdel lactato sérico en dos estudios. Conclusiones: La betaína puede considerarse un potencial recurso ergogénico para mejorar la fatiga muscular, proporcionar un mayor número de repeticiones en los ejercicios y eliminar el lactato en sangre.

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