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基于线粒体Cyt b基因和CR序列的养殖貉（Nyctereutes procyonoides）种群遗传多样性和结构分析
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基于线粒体Cyt b基因和CR序列的养殖貉（Nyctereutes procyonoides）种群遗传多样性和结构分析
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Journal Article
基于线粒体Cyt b基因和CR序列的养殖貉（Nyctereutes procyonoides）种群遗传多样性和结构分析
2021
Overview
貉（Nyctereutes procyonoides）是一种重要的经济动物。经过50年的人工驯养繁育，国内养殖种群不断扩大，但对其遗传多样性和结构了解很少，难以开展有效的遗传管理。本研究分析了东北、华北地区养殖貉种群（N=160）的线粒体细胞色素b（Cyt b）基因和控制区（CR）序列，并与已经发表的同源序列进行比较。结果定义了5个Cyt b基因和6个CR序列单倍型，其中与俄罗斯产乌苏里亚种共享单倍型分别是3个和4个。种群遗传多样性分析表明，养殖貉种群单倍型多样性处于临界点（Hd=050）、核苷酸多样性处于较高水平（Pi>05%），但二者均明显低于俄罗斯野生乌苏里貉种群。这种遗传多样性模式可能主要是由奠基者效应（founder effect）导致的。此外，红褐色型貉遗传多样性水平显著低于野生型和白色型貉。系统发育分析表明国内养殖貉种群分为3个世系，主要是乌苏里亚种、与同亚种的俄罗斯野生种群亲缘关系密切。研究还发现有1个单倍型（CH5DH5）与越南产指名亚种共享同一个单倍型世系。这说明建群引种中可能偶然引入了华南地区分布的指名亚种。综上分析，我国养殖貉种群已经出现遗传多样性下降的迹象，需要监控种群遗传多样性的变化，引入具有新基因型的野生貉种，制定科学的交配模式，避免近交衰退。
