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声学监测与样线法在森林鸟类监测中的应用比较
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Journal Article
声学监测与样线法在森林鸟类监测中的应用比较
2026
Overview
为评估声学监测技术在森林鸟类调查中的应用效果及其与传统样线法的差异，本研究于2024年3月—2025年2月在江苏省盱眙铁山寺国家森林公园开展为期1年的对比监测。传统样线法布设6条样线，每季度开展2次人工调查；声学监测在每条样线上各布设1套声纹设备，全天候采集鸟鸣声，并基于江苏省鸟类名录构建的AI模型进行物种识别与声纹分析。结果显示：（1）两种方法共记录鸟类114种，其中共有种70种。样线法独有28种（共98种），声学监测独有16种（共86种）；（2）样线法在物种数量统计及目视确认方面具优势，而声学监测有效补充了普通夜鹰（Caprimulgus jotaka）、红角鸮（Otus sunia）等夜行性及隐蔽物种的观测结果，并揭示鸟类活动节律特征；（3）声学监测提升了数据处理效率，显著降低了人工辨识强度。研究表明，传统样线法在特定生境和类群监测中仍不可替代，而声学监测凭借其全天候、自动化优势拓展了监测的时空维度，二者协同应用可显著提升森林鸟类多样性监测的准确性和全面性。
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