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安徽省黄山区不同生境鸟类多样性季节性变化格局
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Journal Article
安徽省黄山区不同生境鸟类多样性季节性变化格局
2025
Overview
黄山—怀玉山是我国生物多样性保护优先区域，在季风气候和人类土地开发的共同影响下，其鸟类多样性受不同生境和季节变化的影响可能呈现特有的格局。为了探明这个问题，于2023年3月—2024年2月，按4个季节采用样线法对安徽省黄山市黄山区乡镇、山地和湿地3种不同生境进行鸟类调查研究。结果表明：（1）本次调查共记录到鸟类18目55科194种5524只，其中属国家一级重点保护的鸟类有5种，国家二级重点保护的鸟类有33种，表明该区鸟类物种资源丰富；从鸟类区系来看，东洋型95种，古北型76种，广布型23种，东洋型种占据优势，鸟类区系具有南北渗透的特征；从鸟类季节型来看，留鸟95种，占鸟类总数48.97%，夏候鸟34种，占17.53%，冬候鸟49种，占25.26%，旅鸟16种，占8.25%。（2）鸟类群落组成具有季节性差异，春季鸟类种类和数量最高，冬季鸟类的种类和数量最低；春季鸟类Shannon-Wiener多样性指数最高，冬季最低；夏季Simpson多样性指数和Pielou均匀度指数均最高。（3）不同生境下，山地（M）生境鸟类种类最多，湿地（W）最少；而湿地生境发现鸟类数量最多，乡镇（T）最少；山地生境鸟类Shannon-Wiener指数、Simpson指数及Pielou指数均最高，湿地生境均最低，山地生境中鸟类多样性高，群落结构更为稳定，特有种最多；通过Bray-Curtis相异度衡量3种生境之间鸟类群落的相异性，乡镇与山地的相异性最低，与湿地相异性较高，而山地与湿地相异性最高。本研究为精准地制定黄山区鸟类多样性保护策略提供了科学依据。
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