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杭州西湖景区和西溪湿地两栖爬行动物多样性调查与分析
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Journal Article
杭州西湖景区和西溪湿地两栖爬行动物多样性调查与分析
2025
Overview
两栖和爬行类动物被认为是环境健康的重要指示类群。为掌握杭州重要城市生态系统中生物多样性状况，本研究对西湖风景名胜区和西溪国家湿地公园两处核心地区的两栖爬行动物进行多样性调查与评估。本研究在调查区域利用样线法和样方法开展了3个季节的调查，记录到两栖类2目8科21种，爬行类1目8科23种；除上述本土物种外，还发现寺庙的放生池中有一定数量的龟类（6种），其中有入侵物种巴西龟（Trachemys scripta elegans）和蛇鳄龟（Chelydra serpentina）。物种多样性特征分析结果表明：西湖景区比西溪湿地呈现更丰富的生物多样性，具体表现为：（1）在物种分布数目上，西湖景区的两栖类和爬行类物种分别比西溪湿地多11、18种；（2）在物种多样性指数上，西湖景区的G-F指数均高于西溪湿地（西湖两栖DG-F = 0.316，西溪两栖DG-F = 0.150；西湖爬行DG-F = 0.318，西溪爬行DG-F = 0.217）。此外，西溪湿地单独记录到短尾蝮（Gloydius brevicaudus）和阔褶水蛙（Hylarana latouchii）。相关性分析表明，季节、降雨量以及气温与物种丰富度呈中度相关（0.06 < η2 < 0.16），而与香农-维纳指数和辛普森指数呈弱相关（η2 < 0.06），夏季物种丰富度高于其他两个季节。本研究详细调查了西湖景区和西溪湿地的两栖及爬行动物多样性与分布情况，同时发现了这两个区域存在入侵物种，尤其是放生池内。这些发现为未来这两个景区在物种多样性保护和管理方面提供了重要的参考依据。
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