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塔克拉玛干沙质荒漠野生双峰驼(Camelus bactrianus)食性的季节性变化分析
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塔克拉玛干沙质荒漠野生双峰驼(Camelus bactrianus)食性的季节性变化分析
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Journal Article
塔克拉玛干沙质荒漠野生双峰驼(Camelus bactrianus)食性的季节性变化分析
2016
Overview
2014年12月～2015年12月,以塔克拉玛干大沙漠野生双峰驼(Camelus bactrianus)分布的3块区(N 38°00'～ 40°50',E 83°51'～85°48')为研究区,选出了10个观测点,采用针对珍稀濒危野生哺乳动物专题调查的样线和样点方法,开展了野骆驼栖息分布自然环境、食性和食物组成的野外四季定点检测; 同时,利用足迹分辨和痕迹截线等方法采集了食物类型植物标本100份和新旧粪便120份,进行粪便实验分类和分析研究,最终获得了野骆驼季节性食性状况的详细统计数据。野外宏观和室内微观研究结果表明,在研究区域分布记录的21科53属75种植物中,野骆驼在四季食用的约有12科33属33种,占分布区植物种类的44%,其中,野骆驼冬季采食12科31种,春季12科24种,夏季12科19种,秋季12科32种植物。藜科、豆科、禾本科、杨柳科、菊科和柽柳科植物是野骆驼全年的主要食物。不同季节野骆驼喜食的植物出现率不同,以秋季和夏季最典型为97%和57%,故食物组成和食性也有明显变化。胡杨、柽柳、骆驼刺、芦苇、蒿和尖果沙枣是野骆驼在四季不可缺少的主要营养效力植物。
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