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Mechanisms of maize adaptation associated with Glomus spp. in soils with low phosphorus availability
Mechanisms of maize adaptation associated with Glomus spp. in soils with low phosphorus availability
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Mechanisms of maize adaptation associated with Glomus spp. in soils with low phosphorus availability
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Mechanisms of maize adaptation associated with Glomus spp. in soils with low phosphorus availability
Mechanisms of maize adaptation associated with Glomus spp. in soils with low phosphorus availability
Journal Article

Mechanisms of maize adaptation associated with Glomus spp. in soils with low phosphorus availability

2007
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Overview
La deficiencia de fósforo es uno de los mayores limitantes para la productividad agrícola en el trópico. Esta investigación está orientada a estudiar los mecanismos de adaptación de maíz asociado a Glomus spp. La investigación se realizó bajo condiciones controladas en los laboratorios del Corpoica. El diseño experimental utilizado fue bloques completos al azar, con seis tratamientos y seis repeticiones: tres tratamientos con 1, 40 y 100 mg·kg-1 de P en el suelo y los anteriores niveles de P más Glomus spp. Los resultados experimentales confirman una disminución en área foliar y materia seca relacionadas con bajo P en suelo, 20 días de la emergencia. Como mecanismos de adaptación a las deficiencias de P, las plántulas trastocan carbohidratos a la raíz en detrimento de las hojas, esto modifica el balance de la materia seca. Este mecanismo fue evidente a 10 días después del estrés. Plantas asociadas a Glomus presentaron mayores tasas de crecimiento, nutrición mineral (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S) y concentración de azúcares en tejido, debido al papel P en la síntesis de carbohidratos. Plantas micorrizadas aumentaron los niveles de proteínas en tejido, con 1 y 40 mg·kg-1 de P en suelo. Los resultados sugieren que Glomus spp. contribuye con la síntesis de proteínas de estrés en planta, por déficit de P en el suelo. El estrés conduce a la expresión diferencial de la información genética, produciendo cambios en la síntesis de nuevas proteínas, llamadas micorrizinas, las cuales posiblemente dotan a las plantas con la capacidad de adaptación al estrés Phosphorus deficiency is a major limitation to agricultural productivity in tropical regions. This research was addressed to study the mechanisms of maize adaptation in relation to Glomus spp. The research was conducted under controlled conditions in the laboratories of Corpoica, Colombia. The experimental design consisted in completely randomized blocks with six treatments and six replicates: three treatments with different levels of available phosphorus in soil (1, 40 y 100 mg·kg-1) and the other three with the same P levels plus Glomus spp. The experimental results confirmed a reduction in leaf area and dry matter related to low P levels in soil at 20 days after seedling emergence. As an adaptation mechanism for P deficiency, the seedlings transferred the carbohydrates to the roots at the expense of leaves, thus, modifying the balance of dry matter. This mechanism was evident 10 days after the stress application. Plants associated with Glomus spp. had the highest growth rates, mineral nutrition (N, K. P, Ca, Mg, and S), and sugar concentration in tissue, due to the importance of P in the synthesis of carbohydrates. Plants associated with mycorrhizal fungus increased the protein levels in tissue when amended with 1 and 40 mg·kg-1 of P in soil. The results suggest that Glomus spp. contributed to the synthesis of stress proteins because of soil phosphorus deficiency. The stress allows the differential expression of genetic information in the synthesis of new proteins called mycorrhizines, which are probably involved in the adaptation mechanisms of plants to stress

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