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Corps cynégétique - corps possédé : la production rituelle des sujets virtuoses
by
Kedzierska-Manzon, Agnieszka
in
Femininity
2021
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Corps cynégétique - corps possédé : la production rituelle des sujets virtuoses
by
Kedzierska-Manzon, Agnieszka
in
Femininity
2021
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Corps cynégétique - corps possédé : la production rituelle des sujets virtuoses
Journal Article
Corps cynégétique - corps possédé : la production rituelle des sujets virtuoses
2021
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Overview
A la différence des procédures initiatiques bien connues des africanistes qui transforment des garçons et desfilles en hommes et en femmes, celles qui sont en place aujourd'hui en pays mandingue--où les grandes initiations d'antan ont disparu--ne sont ni obligatoires ni collectives. Elles constituent un élément faisant parti des ensembles de pratiques que l'article propose d'examiner afin de mettre en lumiere les trajectoires de ceux et celles qui les animent. Il oppose ainsi le corps cynégétique--léger, inaudible, inodore, visant l'invisibilité lorsqu'il évolue en brousse--au corps possédé, mis ostensiblement en scene dans un cadre olfactif, sonore et tactile saturé. La fabrique de ces deux corps contribue a la construction de l'identité complexe des experts rituels : d'un côté les donsow (\"chasseur\"), perçus comme vaillants mais qui souscrivent en même temps a l'ethos du sacrifice en adoptant l'attitude typiquementféminine de dévouement au bien-être des autres, et de l'autre côté, jinatigiw (officiantes du culte de possession) mettant en valeur leur féminité mais s'appropriant simultanément certains attributs, gestes, prérogatives et fonctions considérés comme masculins. L'apparente asymétrie des constructions de genre de ces experts hommes et femmes s'avere moins prononcée qu'elle pourrait le paraître, ce qui conforte l'hypothese selon laquelle l'expertise rituelle repose toujours sur une singularité spatiale et corporelle de ceux qui l'exercent. Cette conclusion permet d'éclairer de maniere inattendue l'identité de nombreux anthropologues, auxquels l'acces peut être offert a la fois aux deux parcours initiatiques et dont l'habitus se trouve nécessairement décalé par rapport aux habitus masculin et féminin tant de leurs hôtes que de leur société. MOTS-CLÃS: corps, spirit, hunting, possession, rituel, sujets virtuoses Unlike the initiatory processes documented in Africanist scholarship that transformed boys and girls into men and women, among the Mande today--where the large-scale initiations of yore have virtually disappeared--initiations are neither required nor collective. they constitute a component of the practices that this article studies, in an effort to illuminate the construction ofthe religious specialists who undergo them. The analysis contrasts to this effect the hunting body--light, silent, odorless, seeking invisibility while in the bush--with the possessed body, ostensibly displayed in a space saturated with smell, sound, and touch. the formation of these two types of bodies allows the construction of the complex identity of ritual experts: on the one hand, donsow, seen as brave but also adopting the typically feminine attitude of devotion to others' well-being as a part of sacrificial ethos, and on the other hand, jinatigiw, leaders of possession cults who emphasize their femininity while simultaneously appropriating certain masculine-associated qualities, gestures, prerogatives, and roles. The apparent asymmetry of these male and female experts' gender construction is less pronounced than it might be, which suggests that ritual expertise always rests upon a spatial and bodily singularity among those who wield it. Paradoxically perhaps, this conclusion also sheds new light on the identity of various anthropologists, to whom access to the two initiatory paths may be offered, but whose habitus is necessarily out of sync with the male and female habitus of their hosts as well as of their own society. KEYWORDS: embodiment, hunting, spirit, possession, initiation rituals, virtuous subjects, gender, Mali
Publisher
Indiana University Press
Subject
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