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Metamorphic fingerprints of Fe-rich chromitites from the Eastern Pampean Ranges, Argentina
Metamorphic fingerprints of Fe-rich chromitites from the Eastern Pampean Ranges, Argentina
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Metamorphic fingerprints of Fe-rich chromitites from the Eastern Pampean Ranges, Argentina
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Metamorphic fingerprints of Fe-rich chromitites from the Eastern Pampean Ranges, Argentina
Metamorphic fingerprints of Fe-rich chromitites from the Eastern Pampean Ranges, Argentina
Journal Article

Metamorphic fingerprints of Fe-rich chromitites from the Eastern Pampean Ranges, Argentina

2020
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Overview
Chromitites hosted in the serpentinized harzburgite bodies from Los Congos and Los Guanacos (Eastern Pampean Ranges, north Argentina) record a complex metamorphic evolution. The hydration of chromitites during the retrograde metamorphism, their subsequent dehydration during the prograde metamorphism and the later-stage cooling, have resulted in a threefold alteration of chromite: i) Type I is characterized by homogeneous Fe3+- and Cr-rich chromite; ii) Type II chromite contains exsolved textures that consist in blebs and fine lamellae of a magnetite-rich phase hosted in a spinel-rich phase; iii) Type III chromite is formed by variable proportions of magnetite-rich and spinel-rich phases with symplectitic texture. Type I chromite shows lower Ga and higher Co, Zn and Mn than magmatic chromites from chromitites in suprasubduction zone ophiolites as a consequence of the redistribution of these elements between Fer-rich non-porous chromite and silicates during the prograde metamorphism. Whereas, the spinel-rich phase in Type III chromite is enriched in Co, Zn, Sc, and Ga, but depleted in Mn, Ni, V and Ti with respect to the magnetite-rich phase, due to the metamorphic cooling from high-temperature conditions. The pseudosection calculated in the fluid-saturated FCrMACaSH system, and contoured for Cr# and Mg#, allows us to constrain the temperature of formation of Fe3+-rich non-porous chromite by the diffusion of magnetite in Fe2+-rich porous chromite at <500 ºC and 20 kbar. The subsequent dehydration of Fe3+-rich non-porous chromite by reaction with antigorite and chlorite formed Type I chromite and Mg-rich olivine and pyroxene at >800 ºC and 10 kbar. The ultimate hydration of silicates in Type I chromite and the exsolution of Type II and Type III chromites would have started at ~600 ºC. These temperatures are in the range of those estimated for ocean floor serpentinization (<300 ºC and <4 kbar), the regional prograde metamorphism in the granulite facies (800 ºC and <10 kbar), and subsequent retrogression to the amphibolite facies (600 ºC and 4-6.2 kbar) in the host ultramafic rocks at Los Congos and Los Guanacos. A continuous and slow cooling from granulite to amphibolite facies produced the exsolution of spinel-rich and magnetite-rich phases, developing symplectitic textures in Type III chromite. However, the discontinuous and relatively fast cooling produced the exsolution of magnetite-rich phase blebs and lamellae within Type II chromite. The P-T conditions calculated in FCrMACaSH system and the complex textural and geochemical fingerprints showed by Type I, Type II and Type III chromites leads us to suggest that continent-continent collisional orogeny better records the fingerprints of prograde metamorphism in ophiolitic chromitites. Las cromititas incluidas en los cuerpos de harzburgita serpentinizada de Los Congos y Los Guanacos (Sierras Pampeanas Orientales, norte de Argentina) registran una evolución metamórfica compleja. La hidratación de las cromititas durante el metamorfismo retrógrado, su posterior deshidratación durante el metamorfismo prógrado y el sub­secuente enfriamiento ha dado como resultado la formación de tres tipos de cromita alterada: i) Tipo I, caracterizada por una cromita homogénea y rica en Fe3+ y Cr; ii) cromita Tipo II, con texturas de exsolución que consisten en gránulos y lamelas finas de una fase rica en magnetita alojada en una fase rica en espinela; iii) cromita Tipo III, formada por pro­porciones variables de las fases ricas en magnetita y espinela con textura simplectítica. La cromita Tipo I muestra menor Ga pero mayor Co, Zn y Mn que las cromitas magmáticas de las cromititas ofiolíticas en zonas de suprasubducción como consecuencia de la redistribución de estos elementos entre la cromita no porosa rica en Fe3+ y los silicatos durante el metamorfismo prógrado. En cambio, la fase rica en espi­nela en la cromita Tipo III está enriquecida en Co, Zn, Sc y Ga, pero empobrecida en Mn, Ni, V y Ti respecto a la fase rica en magnetita debido al enfriamiento metamórfico desde condiciones de alta temperatura. La pseudosección calculada en el sistema FCrMACaSH saturado de agua y contorneada para el #Cr y #Mg, nos permite restringir la temperatura de formación de la cromita no porosa rica en Fe3+ debido a la difusión de la magnetita en la cromita porosa rica en Fe2+ a <500 ºC y 20 kbar. La posterior deshidratación de la cromita no porosa rica en Fe3+ formó por reacción con antigorita y clorita, cromita Tipo I y olivino y piroxeno ricos en Mg a >800 ºC y 10 kbar. La hidratación final de los silicatos en la cromita Tipo I y la exsolución de las cromitas Tipo II y Tipo III pudo haber comenzado a ~600 ºC. Estas temperaturas están en el rango de las estimadas para la serpentinización de fondo oceánico (<300 ºC y <4 kbar), el metamorfismo regional prógrado en facies de granulita (800 ºC y <10 kbar), y la posterior retrogresión a facies de anfibolita (600 ºC y 4-6.2 kbar) de las rocas ultramáficas encajantes en Los Congos y Los Guanacos. Un enfriamiento continuo y lento de facies de granulita a anfibolita produjo la exsolución de las fases ricas en espinela y magnetita, desa­rrollando texturas simpléctíticas en la cromita Tipo III. Sin embargo, el enfriamiento discontinuo y relativamente rápido produjo la exsolución de los gránulos y las lamelas de la fase rica en magnetita dentro de la cromita Tipo II. Las condi­ciones P-T calculadas en el sistema FCrMACaSH y las complejas texturas y firmas geoquímicas mostradas por las cromitas Tipo I, Tipo II y Tipo III nos permiten sugerir que las orogenias que implican la colisión continente-continente registran mejor las firmas del metamorfismo prógrado en las cromititas ofiolíticas.
Publisher
Sociedad Geológica Mexicana & Instituto de Geología UNAM