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AUX ORIGINES DE LA \FITNA\, L'AFFAIRE AL-MUGHÎRA: LA MÉMOIRE REFOULÉE D'UN ASSASSINAT À LA COUR DE CORDOUE AU XeSIÈCLE
by
MAKARIOU, Sophie
2011
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AUX ORIGINES DE LA \FITNA\, L'AFFAIRE AL-MUGHÎRA: LA MÉMOIRE REFOULÉE D'UN ASSASSINAT À LA COUR DE CORDOUE AU XeSIÈCLE
by
MAKARIOU, Sophie
2011
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AUX ORIGINES DE LA \FITNA\, L'AFFAIRE AL-MUGHÎRA: LA MÉMOIRE REFOULÉE D'UN ASSASSINAT À LA COUR DE CORDOUE AU XeSIÈCLE
Journal Article
AUX ORIGINES DE LA \FITNA\, L'AFFAIRE AL-MUGHÎRA: LA MÉMOIRE REFOULÉE D'UN ASSASSINAT À LA COUR DE CORDOUE AU XeSIÈCLE
2011
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Overview
Le prince al-Mughîra (950-976), dernier né du calife al-Nâsir (913-961), est connu par l'extraordinaire pyxide d'ivoire à son nom, conservée au musée du Louvre, et pour avoir été sommairement exécuté le jour même de la mort de son frère al-Hakam II (961-976) et de l'avènement de son neveu Hishâm II. Cet article fait le lien entre ces deux faits établis, en montrant qu'al-Mughîra était le véritable héritier désigné de son frère al-Hakam, avant d'être remplacé dans ce rôle par le fils encore mineur d'al-Hakam, contre les traditions de la dynastie et contre la loi de l'islam qui écartent l'idée d'un calife mineur. À la mort d'al-Hakam, un fort parti tente de rendre ses droits au prince Mughîra, d'où son exécution sommaire (puis celle de ses partisans) par les soins d'Ibn Abî 'Âmir, le futur al-Mansûr, régent du califat (978-1002). Le souvenir de cet assassinat - et de ce coup d'État — jouera un rôle dans la révolte contre le fils d'al-Mansûr en 1009, et finalement dans le naufrage du califat. Inversement, la grandeur d'al-Mansûr, révérée par les historiens arabes comme les orientalistes, a contribué à avaliser le meurtre et à faire sombrer la mémoire d'al-Mughîra. The last son of the caliph al-Nâsir (913-961), Al-Mughîra's name has been connected to the outstanding ivory pyxis carved for him and to his brutal execution on the very day of his nephew's Hishâm ascent to the throne (976). This paper joins both facts. It proves that al-Mughîra was the rightful heir of his brother al-Hakam II (961-976) until a son was born to the aging Caliph. That son, Hishâm, displaced al-Mughîra as an heir apparent, in spite of being a child and against all the traditions of the dynasty and the Law of Islam, which both rule out the capacity of a child to hold the caliphate. On al-Hakam's death, a strong party within the palace intends to give al-Mughîra his rights back. It fails. First al-Mughîra, and then his supporters, are slain by Ibn Abî 'Âmir, who is to take over the power as al-Mansûr (978-1002). The memory of the murder plays its part in the 1009 upheaval against al-Mansûr's son, and in the actual wreck of the caliphate. On the other side, al-Mughîra's memory has been silenced by the Arab and the Western historians caught by al-Mansûr's impressive glory.
Publisher
Presses Universitaires de Vincennes (Paris 8, Saint-Denis) soutenue par l'Institut des Sciences Humaines et Sociales du CNRS avec le concours du Centre national du livre
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