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Les jeunes collaboratrices et les jeunes collaborateurs face à l’épuration
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Journal Article
Les jeunes collaboratrices et les jeunes collaborateurs face à l’épuration
2022
Overview
Cet article se penche sur un groupe d’épurés méconnu: les mineurs accusés de faits de collaboration à la Libération. Grâce à un corpus de 1 300 filles et garçons jugés dans six départements représentatifs de la France sous l’Occupation, l’objectif est d’examiner l’attitude des tribunaux de l’épuration à l’égard des mineurs durant une période où l’État cherche à éloigner les jeunes délinquants de droit commun du droit pénal. Alors que l’ordonnance du 2 février 1945 pose comme principe la primauté de la prévention sur la répression, les pratiques de la justice exceptionnelle de l’épuration s’alignent-elles sur celles de la justice ordinaire ? Pour répondre à cette question et après avoir présenté le visage des justiciables, on étudie successivement la répression judiciaire des jeunes, les faits qui leur sont reprochés et le décalage existant entre les peines prononcées et les peines réellement subies. Limitée au territoire français, l’étude invite enfin à une histoire connectée et transnationale des épurations des mineurs en Europe au sortir de la Seconde Guerre mondiale.
This paper looks at a little-known group of individuals who endured purges: minors accused of having collaborated during the Second World War. Using a corpus of 1,300 girls and boys tried in six departments representative of France under the Occupation, the aim is to examine how minors were treated by the purge trials during a period in which the state sought to keep young common law offenders away from the criminal justice system. While the Ordinance of 2 February 1945 established the principle of the primacy of prevention over repression, were the practices of the exceptional legal purge aligned with those of the ordinary justice system? To answer this question, after giving a presentation of the accused, we study the legal repression of young people, the acts of which they were accused, and the gap between the sentences handed down and the sentences they actually served. While this paper is limited to France, it concludes by opening up to a connected and transnational history of the purges of minors in Europe at the end of the Second World War.
Publisher
Presses de Sciences Po
Subject
