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Impacto en el rendimiento académico de la inmersión lingüística y del índice socioeconómico y cultural
by
LÓPEZ-RUPÉREZ, Francisco
, GARCÍA-GARCÍA, Isabel
, MORALEDA-RUANO, Álvaro
in
Artículos / Articles
2024
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Impacto en el rendimiento académico de la inmersión lingüística y del índice socioeconómico y cultural
by
LÓPEZ-RUPÉREZ, Francisco
, GARCÍA-GARCÍA, Isabel
, MORALEDA-RUANO, Álvaro
in
Artículos / Articles
2024
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Impacto en el rendimiento académico de la inmersión lingüística y del índice socioeconómico y cultural
Journal Article
Impacto en el rendimiento académico de la inmersión lingüística y del índice socioeconómico y cultural
2024
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Overview
La cuestión lingüística en el ámbito escolar presenta en España una dimensión educativa de notable interés social, toda vez que un proceso inmersivo franco en las lenguas regionales podría estar afectando al rendimiento de los alumnos en función de su extracción lingüística y sociocultural. En este contexto, el presente trabajo tiene como objetivo principal analizar las relaciones entre nivel socioeconómico y cultural (ISEC), porcentaje de alumnos que hablan en la escuela un idioma diferente al de su hogar (idioma) y rendimiento escolar en PISA (rendimiento). En particular, se pretende medir el poder predictivo de la segunda variable con respecto a la tercera desde una perspectiva territorial. Se ha desarrollado una metodología basada en análisis de regresión lineal bivariada y en modelos de ecuaciones estructurales aplicadas sobre datos de esas tres variables, disponibles en las bases de PISA 2015 y PISA 2022. La realización de estos análisis secundarios ha confirmado: a) la importancia del poder predictivo del ISEC sobre el rendimiento de forma consistente, tanto en 2015 como en 2022; b) la intensificación del vínculo entre ambas variables en dicho período de tiempo; y c) la aparición de una asociación moderada, pero significativa, de la variable idioma como predictor del rendimiento en el ámbito territorial. Se aprecia que el impacto de las diferencias territoriales en materia de ISEC sobre el rendimiento ha aumentado de forma notable entre 2015 y 2022, lo que resulta compatible con el incremento de otras brechas territoriales descritas en la literatura. Por otra parte, los modelos de una inmersión lingüística severa marcan diferencias significativas entre territorios en materia de rendimiento que se sustancian, a modo de ejemplo, en un retraso, solo por este motivo, de Cataluña respecto de Madrid de un año escolar aproximadamente.
The question of language in school has an educational dimension of considerable social interest in Spain since a strong process of immersion in regional languages might be affecting students’ performance depending on their linguistic and socio-cultural background. In this context, the paper’s aim is to analyse the relations between economic, social, and cultural status (ESCS); the percentage of students who speak a different language at school than at home (language) and school performance in PISA (performance); and in particular to measure the predictive power of the second variable with respect to the third, from a territorial perspective. A methodology was developed based on bivariate linear regression analysis and structural equation modelling, and was applied to data regarding these three variables from the PISA 2015 and PISA 2022 databases. These secondary analyses have confirmed: (a) the importance of the predictive power of ESCS on performance consistently in both 2015 and 2022; (b) the intensification of the association between the two variables in that period; and (c) the emergence of a moderate but significant association of the language variable as a predictor of Performance at the territorial level. The impact of regional ESCS differences on performance increased significantly between 2015 and 2022, which is compatible with an increase in other territorial divides described in the literature. Moreover, the strong linguistic immersion models display significant differences between territories in terms of performance. For example, for this reason alone, Catalonia’s delay compared to Madrid is approximately one school year.
Publisher
Universidad Internacional de La Rioja (UNIR)
Subject
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