Journal Article

One Stomatal Model to Rule Them All? Towards Improved Representation of Carbon and Water Exchange in Global Models

Serbin, Shawn P., Pitman, Andy J., Medlyn, Belinda E., Ellsworth, David S., Sabot, Manon E.B., Kauwe, Martin G., Limousin, Jean‐Marc, Mitchell, Patrick J., Martin‐StPaul, Nicolas, Choat, Brendan, Wu, Jin, Rogers, Alistair

2022

Overview

Stomatal conductance schemes that optimise with respect to photosynthetic and hydraulic functions have been proposed to address biases in land-surface model (LSM) simulations during drought. However, systematic evaluations of both optimality-based and alternative empirical formulations for coupling carbon and water fluxes are lacking. Here, we embed 12 empirical and optimisation approaches within a LSM framework. We use theoretical model experiments to explore parameter identifiability and understand how model behaviours differ in response to abiotic changes. We also evaluate the models against leaf-level observations of gas-exchange and hydraulic variables, from xeric to wet forest/woody species spanning a mean annual precipitation range of 361-3286 mm yr-1. We find that models differ in how easily parameterised they are, due to: (i) poorly constrained optimality criteria (i.e., resulting in multiple solutions), (ii) low influence parameters, (iii) sensitivities to environmental drivers. In both the idealised experiments and compared to observations, sensitivities to variability in environmental drivers do not agree among models. Marked differences arise in sensitivities to soil moisture (soil water potential) and vapour pressure deficit. For example, stomatal closure rates at high vapour pressure deficit range between -45% and +70% of those observed. Although over half the new generation of stomatal schemes perform to a similar standard compared to observations of leaf-gas exchange, two models do so through large biases in simulated leaf water potential (up to 11 MPa). Our results provide guidance for LSM development, by highlighting key areas in need for additional experimentation and theory, and by constraining currently viable stomatal hypotheses.

• Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
• Subject: drought / ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES / gas exchange / land-surface models / plant hydraulics / stomatal optimisation / vapour pressure deficit