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Social Cognitive Influences as Opposed to Early Age of Initiation in Predicting Daily Adolescent Tobacco Use and Cessation Failure
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Social Cognitive Influences as Opposed to Early Age of Initiation in Predicting Daily Adolescent Tobacco Use and Cessation Failure
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Dissertation
Social Cognitive Influences as Opposed to Early Age of Initiation in Predicting Daily Adolescent Tobacco Use and Cessation Failure
2013
Overview
For decades, tobacco use among adolescents has been viewed as a significant public health issue based on health effects, dependency, and failed cessation. An assessment of the factors associated with smoking initiation among this population may be applied to education, cessation programs, and smoking policies by public health agencies and policy makers to improve prevention strategies. Guided by the social cognitive theory, the purpose of this quantitative study was to test if age of initiation, when compared to exogenous influences, was a stronger predictive factor for smoking and cessation failure. This study was a secondary analysis of a public survey dataset of 7,609 adolescents collected by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for the 2009 National Youth Tobacco Survey. Data were analyzed using logistic regression and stratified analysis. Adolescents within the older age of initiation groups (12-14 and 15-17+) were at higher risk for failing long-term cessation than those within the younger age group (9-11). For daily smoking, early age of initiation was predictive among the younger age groups (9-11 and 12-14) whereas exposure to parental acceptance, parental influence, and peer influence was predictive for the older age group (15-17+). Self-efficacy was found to be significant in predicting short- and long-term cessation failure among boys and girls. Moreover, self-efficacy was found to have an intervening effect that hindered successful long-term smoking cessation among those adolescents exposed to peer influence, tobacco in movies, and tobacco on the Internet. The results of this study may aid in educating individuals, communities, public health agencies, and policy makers on the impact that social influences continue to have on tobacco initiation, daily smoking, and cessation efforts in American adolescents.
