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The Social Making of Authoritarian Environmentalism: Protest-Litigation Nexus and Policy Changes in China
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The Social Making of Authoritarian Environmentalism: Protest-Litigation Nexus and Policy Changes in China
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Dissertation
The Social Making of Authoritarian Environmentalism: Protest-Litigation Nexus and Policy Changes in China
2018
Overview
This dissertation examines the following questions: How do environmental contentions—in the forms of disruptive protest and conventional litigation, respectively—shape environmental governance in authoritarian China? When both protest and litigation are present, in what patterns do they interact with each other in environmental contention? It argues that environmental protest and litigation in their divergent forms have different effects on governance. In general, protests are associated with more transparency and policymaking toward broader public participation at local states, dependent on whether policy advocacy efforts are involved in the contentious campaigns. Environmental litigation has been found effective in binding local governments to enforce environmental regulations, which, however, is also a function of court attitudes based on regional diversity. When protest and litigation do interact with each other in the empirical world, the two repertories do not necessarily converge but unfold in multiple patterns, dependent on whether the protest is advocacy-spirited and whether the litigation is public interest oriented. This work emphasizes two previously understudied linkages as the main contributions to the scholarship of environmental authoritarianism, contentious repertoires, and authoritarian rule of law: 1) the protest-advocacy linkage, and 2) the protest-litigation linkage. The first linkage transcends the dichotomy in existing literature between the studies of environmental activism and those of popular resistance. The second linkage develops diverse patterns of interaction between repertories, which the classical scholarship of “repertoires of contention” does not address. Meanwhile, it also strengthens disciplinary engagement between political science and law, which contributes to the growing literature of legal participation in authoritarian regimes.
