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The Mechanism of Central and Peripheral Histamine Induced Hypothermia in the Rat
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The Mechanism of Central and Peripheral Histamine Induced Hypothermia in the Rat
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Dissertation
The Mechanism of Central and Peripheral Histamine Induced Hypothermia in the Rat
1983
Overview
The effector mechanisms involved in the hypothermia resulting from systemic or central administration of histamine to the conscious rat, were unknown. It has been suggested that increased cutaneous heat loss may be involved. To establish the mechanism(s) by which histamine administration causes hypothermia, changes in body temperature, the cardiovascular system and several thermoregulatory effector mechanisms were studied following systemic or central histamine administration to the conscious rat restrained at ambient temperatures between 14°C and 26°C. Systemic histamine administration caused biphasic changes in body temperature. The initial hyperthermia, apparent at higher ambient temperatures, was associated with decreased cutaneous heat loss. The hypothermia, apparent at lower ambient temperatures, was associated with reduced oxygen consumption, respiratory rate and muscular activity. Non-shivering thermogenesis by brown adipose tissue and evaporative heat loss from the rat did not appear to be influenced by systemic histamine administration. The cardiovascular changes observed resembled those associated with hypovolaemic shock. High plasma histamine concentrations were observed following systemic histamine administration and the possibility of penetration into brain tissue was discussed. I.c.v. administration of histamine also caused hypothermia associated with reduced muscular activity. This effect was independent of a major change in blood pressure and no cutaneous vasodilatation was observed. The effect appeared to be mediated by histamine H1 receptors. I.c.v. administration of mepyramine and cimetidine also resulted in hypothermia associated with decreased muscular activity. The significance of these findings to thermoregulation is discussed.
